从脑机制角度看言语知觉的理论争论  

The Controversy over Speech Perception Theory:Evidence from Neural Mechanisms

作　　者：刘文理[1] 周一骑[1] 乐国安[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院社会心理学系,天津300071

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2011年第10期1442-1452,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXB10152)

摘　　要：言语知觉领域主要的理论争论是听觉理论和动觉理论的对立,争论的焦点围绕言语知觉是否需要动作表征的中介。言语知觉脑机制的研究有助于澄清事实。脑机制的探讨表明言语知觉主要激活了后部听觉皮层区,包括颞上皮层的背侧(颞横回和颞平面)和外侧区(颞上回和颞上沟);而前部和言语产生相关的动作皮层并没有表现出一致的激活模式。言语产生相关的动作表征主要在一些特殊任务情形中以自上而下的反馈机制影响了言语知觉,可能并非正常言语知觉所必须。A major theoretical controversy in the field of speech perception is the opposition between the auditory theory and the motor theory,the focus of controversy is the role of motor representations in speech perception.The findings concerning neural mechanisms of speech perception,which are helpful for the settlement of theoretical controversy,were reviewed.The review found that the most significant and consistent activation loci lied in the posterior auditory cortex when human（even animals） perceived speech sounds,which consisted of the dorsal（Heschl＇s gyrus and planum temporale） and lateral（superior temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus） superior temporal cortex.The motor cortex in anterior frontal lobe didn＇t exhibit a consistent activation pattern,and the effects of motor representations on speech perception mainly derived from a top-down feedback mechanism in some special conditions,which seemed to be not necessary for normal speech perception.

关 键 词：言语知觉 听觉理论 动觉理论 脑机制 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]