阿尔兹海默病患者中的范畴特异性语义记忆损伤  

Category-Specific Semantic Memory Deficits in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

作　　者：闵宝权[1] 周爱红[1] 张亚旭[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科,北京100053 [2]北京大学心理学系,北京100871 [3]北京大学机器感知与智能教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2011年第10期1453-1459,共7页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7112069);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(30900394)

摘　　要：脑损伤可导致范畴特异性语义损伤,即某一范畴的语义记忆选择性损伤或损伤更严重。阿尔兹海默病患者中的范畴特异性语义损伤可能来自不同范畴之间在熟悉度、词频、获得年龄、视觉复杂度、语义距离、加工要求以及所涉及的主要语义特征等方面的差别。然而,有无生命范畴本身是否也是一个来源,尚不清楚。进一步的研究不仅需要整合范畴途径和特征途径,并区分语义记忆的存储和通达,而且需要考查疾病严重程度如何影响语义记忆损伤模式。Category-specific semantic deficits,that is,selective or disproportionate impairment for one semantic category compared to other semantic categories,can occur in brain-damaged patients.It has been shown that category-specific semantic deficits in patients with Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） could be due to differences between items of different categories in familiarity,word frequency,age of acquisition,visual complexity,semantic distance,processing demands,and types of semantic features being involved.However,it is still not clear whether the category-specific semantic deficits in these people are also due to the category of living/non-living itself.Future studies need to integrate the category-based and feature-based approach and to differentiate between the storage and access of semantic memory.In addition,the seriousness of AD needs to be taken into account when addressing how AD disrupts semantic memory.

关 键 词：阿尔兹海默病 语义记忆 范畴特异性 语义特征 语义启动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]