革命、寓言与历史意识——论作为现代文学“起源”的《狂人日记》  

Revolution,Allegory and Historical Consciousness——On Diary of a Mad Man as "the Origin" of Modern Chinese Literature

作　　者：朱羽[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学中文系,上海200444

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2011年第5期55-60,79,共7页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"现代国家想象与20世纪中国文学"(2007JJD757077)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：鲁迅的写作与中国革命之间的关系是一个经典话题,然而,已有阐释多以外在历史结论穿透鲁迅的文本却较为忽略其形式的"意味"。鲁迅的第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》就包含着重要的形式线索,远非从"象征"出发的阐释模式可以把握。作为"文学"的"狂人日记"建构出全新的"吃人",动摇了旧有整全的意义世界,同时也付出了沉陷于寓言状态的代价。鲁迅以其写作承认了中国革命的吊诡之处及其寓言式的状态,也以此弃绝了诸种简单的进步或回退的历史意识与历史观念。在这个意义上,作为现代文学起源的《狂人日记》呈现出鲁迅关于中国革命及其历史展开的洞见。The relationship between Lu Xun＇s writing and Chinese revolution is a classic topic. However, old interpretations inclined to analyze Lu Xun＇s texts by means of established historical judgment but neglected their ＂significances＂ of forms. Diary of a Mad Man, the first vernacular novel in Lu Xun＇s writing career contained some important formal ＂clues＂ which could not be grasped by virtue of the model of interpretation based on ＂symbolism＂. Diary of a Mad Man as ＂literature＂ constituted an o- riginal figure of ＂cannibalism＂, and hence shook the old order of meaning. Meanwhile, it was also grasped by the allegorical state. By means of his writing, Lu Xun recognized the paradoxical situation of Chinese revolution and its allegorical state and sublated any simple historical consciousness or ideas referring to ＂progression＂ or ＂regression＂. In this sense, Diary of a Mad Man as the origin of Chinese modern literature presented Lu Xun＇s insights on Chinese revolution and its historical development.

关 键 词：鲁迅 《狂人日记》 革命 寓言状态 历史意识 

分 类 号：I210.97[文学—中国文学]