测墒补灌对小麦光合特性和干物质积累与分配的影响  

Effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil water content on wheat photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and allocation

作　　者：王红光[1] 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] 王东[1] 石玉[1] 许振柱[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第10期2495-2503,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871478);农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(nycytx-03)资助

摘　　要：以高产冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,研究了测墒补灌对小麦光合特性和干物质积累与分配的影响.结果表明:W2(拔节期补灌至相对含水量75%,开花期70%)和DW2(拔节后10d补灌至相对含水量75%,开花期70%)灌浆后期旗叶光合速率和实际光化学效率分别高于W3(拔节期补灌至相对含水量80%,开花期70%)和DW3(拔节后10d补灌至相对含水量80%,开花期70%)处理;W2和DW2开花期和成熟期干物质积累量、开花前贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运量和籽粒干物质分配量高于W1(拔节期补灌至相对含水量65%,开花期70%)和DW1(拔节后10d补灌至相对含水量65%,开花期70%)处理,水分利用效率和灌溉水生产效率显著高于W3和DW3处理.相同补灌水平下,DW2和DW3灌浆后期旗叶光合速率和实际光化学效率分别高于W2和W3处理,开花期干物质积累量及其向籽粒的转运量低于W2和W3处理,开花后干物质积累量、籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水生产效率高于W2和W3处理.DW2是本试验条件下的高产高水分利用效率灌溉方案.Taking high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil water content on the wheat photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and allocation. Six treatments were installed, i.e., W1 （soil relative water content was 65% at jointing stage and was 70% at anthesis）, DW1 （soil relative water content was 65% 10 d after jointing and was 70% at anthesis）, W2 （soil relative water content was 75% at jointing and was 70% at anthesis）, DW2 （soil relative water content was 75% 10 d after jointing and was 70% at anthesis）, W3 （soil relative water content was 80% at jointing stage and was 70% at anthesis）, and DW3 （soil relative water content was 80% 10 d after jointing and was 70% at anthesis）. In treatments W2 and DW2, the flag leaf photosynthetic rate （Pn） and ФPSⅡ at late filling stage were higher than those in treatments W3 and DW3, respectively, the dry matter accumulation amount at anthesis and maturity stage and the allocation of accumulated dry matter at pre-anthesis to grain were significantly higher than those in treatments W1 and DW1, and the water use efficiency （WUE） and irrigation production efficiency （IPE） were significantly higher than those in W3 and DW3. Under the same irrigation levels, the flag leaf Pn and ФPSⅡat late filling stage were higher in treatments DW2 and DW3 than in W2 and W3, respectively, and the dry matter accumulation amount at anthesis and its allocation to grain were lower whereas the dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis, the grain yield, WUE, and IPE were higher in DW2 and DW3 than in W2 and W3. Under our experimental condition, DW2 could be the optimal irrigation pattern of high-yielding with high WUE.

关 键 词：小麦 补灌时期 光合特性 干物质积累与分配 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]