凡纳滨对虾饲料中菜籽粕替代鱼粉适宜比例的研究  

Proper Proportion of Rapeseed Meal Substitution for Fish Meal in Diet of Pacific White Leg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：张恒[1] 刘立鹤[1] 贺国龙[1] 刘军 黄峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工业学院动物科学与营养工程学院,湖北武汉430023 [2]湖北省饲料工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430023 [3]武汉工业学院动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023

出　　处：《水产科学》2011年第10期591-596,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：武汉市晨光计划项目(200750731287)

摘　　要：以饲料中添加36%鱼粉作为对照组,用菜籽粕分别替代饲料配方中10%～50%的鱼粉,配成5种等氮等能试验饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾,研究不同替代比例对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和虾体氨基酸组成的影响。试验结果表明,饲养56d后,随着菜籽粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,对虾的质量增加率下降,但仅50%替代比例试验组的质量增加率为1542.74%,显著低于对照组(2066.07%,P<0.05);质量增加率(y)和菜籽粕实际添加量(x)的回归方程为y=-0.8674x2+12.917x+2031.7(r2=0.9081)。通过拐点法计算得出的菜籽粕最适添加量为7.37%(换算成替代比例为12.70%),在99%的置信水平下,3.17%～22.48%的替代是完全可行的。菜籽粕替代鱼粉饲喂凡纳滨对虾,对其存活率、饵料系数、虾体氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸含量影响不大,当替代比例达到50%时,其存活率、虾体蛋氨酸和精氨酸含量才显著低于对照组,饵料系数显著高于对照组。综合凡纳滨对虾质量增加率、存活率、饵料系数、虾体氨基酸含量等各项指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中用菜籽粕替代22.48%鱼粉完全可行。A 56 d feedingtrial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal by rapeseed meal in practical diets on growth performance and amino acid profile of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In six isonitrigenous diets containing 36.5 % protein and 7.5 % lipid （Ctrl）, fish meal was replaced by rapeseed meal at five inclusion levels of 10% （RM1）, 20% （RM2）, 30% （RM3）, 40% （RM4） and 50% （RMS）. The control diet contained 36% fish meal. The shrimp juveniles with initial body weight of 0. 247 g were randomly stocked in 260 L tanks at a rate of 30 shrimp per tank and fed the six diets with triplication four times daily. The survival, growth, feed conversion ratio（FCR） and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly affected hy the replaced quantity under 50 % replacement in 4 weeks. In 8 weeks, however, the weight gain was found to be decreased with increasing inclusion of rapeseed meal except that the weight gain in RM5 （1542.74%） was significantly lower than that in the control group. The regression equation of weight gain（y） and additive rapeseed meal（x） was expressed by binomial：y= -0.8674x^2＋ 12. 917x ＋2031.7 （r^2 =0. 9081）, passing inflection point method calculated meal for the optimal adding amount 7. a7% （converted to replace quantity for 12.70%）, in accordance with the confidence law theory, in 99M of the confidence level. The optimal replacement was found to be from 3.17% to 22.48 %. No significant differences in the survival and FCR were in the treatment groups under 50 % compared to the control group. There were significantly lower survival and methionine and arginine concentration in body, and higher FCR in the shrimp fed the diet containing than those in the control group. From the experiment, it was feasible to replace dietary fish meal with rapeseed meal at level of 22.48% for the shrimp.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 菜籽粕 鱼粉 蛋白源 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]