自修复聚合物材料的研究进展  

Research Progresses in Self-Healing Polymer Materials

作　　者：祁恒治[1] 赵蕴慧[1] 朱孔营[1] 袁晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津市材料复合与功能化重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第12期2560-2567,共8页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：针对聚合物材料在使用过程中难以检测的损伤,人们引入了自修复概念。本文就近年来自修复聚合物材料的研究进展作了系统综述。根据自修复过程是否使用修复剂,聚合物材料(包括聚合物基复合材料)的自修复可分为外援型和本征型两大类。外援型自修复借助于外加修复剂实现自修复,主要包括埋植微胶囊化修复剂和埋植中空纤维化修复剂两种方法。微裂纹的破坏使微胶囊或中空纤维释放修复剂,修复剂发生化学反应,键合裂纹面,达到自修复的效果。这种方法相对比较简单,修复效果较好,但不能重复进行,而且可选用的修复剂种类有限。本征型自修复则借助于体系内存在的Diels-Alder反应、动态共价化学、双硫键反应、含有氢键的超分子结构、π-π堆叠及离子聚合物等来完成,这些特殊的分子结构所涉及的化学反应是可逆的。本征型自修复聚合物材料的制备过程较为复杂,但这种自修复可以反复多次有效,从而延长了聚合物材料的使用寿命。本文针对以上两大类自修复聚合物材料体系的特点和应用进行综述,并展望其发展方向。Self-healing was put forward to cope with slight damages in polymer materials which are difficult to detect.Research progress in self-healing polymer materials in recent years is summarized in this paper.According to the healing agents employing or not,self-healing methods in polymer materials or polymer composites can be classified into two categories,namely,extrinsic and intrinsic.The extrinsic self-healing polymer materials accomplish self-healing with the aid of self-healing agents incorporated in microcapsules or hollow-fibers.The self-healing agents are released when microcapsules or hollow-fibers are attacked by microcracks,and then reactions involved self-healing take place and the crack surfaces are bonded together to achieve self-healing.This method performs easily and efficiently,but the self-healing process can not be repeated and the candidates of self-healing agents are limited.On the other hand,the intrinsic self-healing polymers bring into effect with the help of Diels-Alder reactions,dynamic covalent chemistry,disulfide-bond reactions,supramolecular structure with hydrogen-bond,π-π stacking,ionomes and so on.Furthermore,the chemical reactions related to these special molecular structures are reversible.Though the preparation of intrinsic self-healing polymers is more complicated,the self-healing process is efficient in repeatable manner.So,the durability of polymer materials can be extended.This paper reviews mainly on the specialities and applications of the above self-healing methods in polymer materials.

关 键 词：自修复 聚合物材料 微胶囊 氢键 可逆反应 

分 类 号：O631[理学—高分子化学] TB324[理学—化学]