不同类型学习困难儿童有意遗忘特点  

Different Characteristics of Children with Learning Disabilities Forgetting

作　　者：王恩国[1] 叶枝娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学教科院心理与行为研究所,开封475004

出　　处：《心理研究》2011年第6期30-36,共7页Psychological Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(09YJAXLX007和01JAZJDXLX002);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(05JJDXLX003);省部共建河南大学科研项目(SBGJ090308)

摘　　要：为探讨不同类型学习困难学生的有意遗忘特点,本研究采用学习困难量表筛选出初中二年级语困、数困、双困和对照组学生各30名,通过计算机和纸笔个别施测,所有学生均完成相应的有意遗忘任务。结果发现,在有意遗忘的三项指标(提取抑制能力,抑制干扰能力,编码能力)上,学习困难学生的表现均不如对照组。在回忆测验中,对照组与学困组在各项指标上均表现出显著差异,数困组和语困组在F-A条件下和F-O条件下前后字表回忆成绩的比较中表现出显著差异,双困组仅仅在F-O条件下前后字表回忆成绩的比较中存在显著差异;在再认测验中,只有对照组在R-A与F-A条件下对后字表的回忆成绩差异显著。三类学习困难学生的编码能力均存在缺陷,且语困组和数困组在实验中体现出了一定的提取抑制能力,双困组表现出明显的抑制能力缺陷。To explore the different types of learning disabilities of students interested in forgetting the characteristics of this study, learning difficulties scale screening out second-year junior high school language difficulties, the number of trapped, two trapped in the control group of 30 students, through the computer and written individual test facilities, all students were deliberately forgotten to complete the corresponding task. The results showed that, the learning disabilities were worse than control on three intentional forgetting indicators, which were retrieval inhibition, suppress interference and encoding. In free recall test, the control group showed significant difference on all indicators： the disabilities with Chinese or mathematics displayed significant difference between list 1 and list 2 in the condition of F-A and F-O, test for difference of those with both problems between list 1 and list 2 were significant in the condition of F-O. In recognition test, only the control group＇s performances on list 2 were significantly different in the condition of R-A and F-A. Chinese word intentional forgetting was the role of retrieval inhibition and coding. The learning disabilities did not show intentional forgetting, and had defects in encoding. The Chinese learning disabilities and mathematical disabilities showed a degree of retrieval inhibition ability, but underdeveloped. The double-group was a serious shortage of retrieval inhibition.

关 键 词：学习困难 有意遗忘 提取抑制 编码 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]