人有“希望”的权利———围绕着康德“至善”的理念  

Man Has Right to "Hope"

作　　者：叶秀山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《世界哲学》2012年第1期5-15,161,共11页World Philosophy

摘　　要：本文从康德"批判哲学"的整体角度出发,在"思辨理性"和"实践理性"各自"立法权限"的关系中重点探讨了"德性"与"幸福"作为"原因"与"结果"的"先天综合"的可能性,以此阐明"希望"的"先天必然"的"根据",阐明"希望"之"权利"的"必然"基础。在面对"圆满之善"之为"希望"的"目的-对象"的问题时,本文还讨论了康德关于"神之存在"和"灵魂不朽"作为"实践理性""设定-悬设"所产生的问题,并试图提出自己的看法,强调一个在"实践理性""自律"下的"希望"的"理性"自身的"根据"。Starting from the angle of Kant's critical philosophy and within the lawgiving faculty of speculative reason and practical reason,this paper first investigates the possibility of the a priori synthesis of Sittlichkeit(morals) and Glückseligkeit(happiness) ,in order to clarify the a priori ground for 'hope',to lay the necessary foundation of the right to 'hope'.When turning to the ultimate end or object of 'hope' as 'the actualized highest good',the paper attempts to put the problems arising from the Kantian postulates of practical reason such as 'the existence of God' and 'immortality' into a wider philosophical range,clarifying that 'hope' under the autonomy of practical reason is grounded on reason itself.

关 键 词：康德 批判哲学 希望 至善 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]