车用柴油机节能潜力的能质分析方法与试验研究  

Available Energy Analysis Method and Experiment Investigation on Energy-Saving Potential for Vehicle Diesel Engine

作　　者：吕锋[1] 俞小莉[1] 张宇[1] 韩松[1] 方奕栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动力机械及车辆工程研究所,杭州310027

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2012年第1期61-66,共6页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB707205);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50976104)

摘　　要：在热平衡分析基础上建立了柴油机能质分析的平衡计算模型,并以WD615(162kW)型车用柴油机为对象进行了试验研究,对比分析柴油机工作过程中的能质分布规律和节能潜力。结果表明:在冷却水及排气能量利用之前,柴油机的热平衡规律和有效能利用率一致。在柴油机最大扭矩点(约1 600r/min),系统有效功占总热量的百分比达到最大值,效率、冷却水和排气的可用能比例也达到最大,约有17%的可用能还未得到利用。不可逆燃烧、有限温差传热和摩擦损耗等因素降低了系统能量的能级,减少柴油机系统的损同时梯级利用排气及冷却水能量,是车用柴油机节能的可行手段。分析方法也为柴油机的效率评价提供了一种新的参考方案。Based on the thermal balance analysis, an exergy balance calculation model of diesel engine was presented. Regarding model WD615（162 kW）vehicle diesel engine as the object, experiments were con- ducted to study available energy distribution and energy-saving potential in engine operation process. Results show that the engine available energy coefficient is in accordance with thermal balance characteristics before the coolant and exhaust energy is utilized. At the max. torque point, 1 600 r/rain, percent of the effective work output, as well as system exergy efficiency and coolant and exhaust exergy, reaches peak. About 17~//00 of the available energy has not been utilized. Energy grade of the system decreases owing to irreversible com- bustion, heat transferring of the limited temperature difference and friction loss. Reducing exergy loss of the diesel system and cascade utilization of coolant and exhaust energy are the feasible way to save vehicle diesel engine energy. Exergy analysis method also can provide a new reference information for engine efficiency evaluation.

关 键 词：内燃机 柴油机 热平衡 分析 节能 

分 类 号：TK422.2[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]