美国本科教育的基本理念、改革思路及其启示——基于AAC&U的相关研究  

Analyzing the Basic Ideas and Policy Report on Undergraduate Education of AAC&U and the Significance

作　　者：吕林海[1] 龚放[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学高等教育研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2012年第3期43-49,共7页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：2010年度教育部人文社会科学基金项目"中美研究型大学本科生学习经验的比较研究"(10YJC880086);2010年度国家社科基金项目"高校课程结构调整与大学生就业问题研究"(10BSH038)的部分成果

摘　　要：美国大学与学院联合会(AAC&U)从2000年开始连续发布了有关美国本科教育改革的政策建议报告和本科教育质量的调查报告。通过对这些报告的梳理可以发现,缺乏对本科生学习目标的关注、过分聚焦狭隘的专业学习、对自由教育的理解过于局限,是AAC&U认为美国本科教育存在的主要缺陷。由此,AAC&U给出了如下改革建议:应设计具有贯通性的本科生学习目标,应给予每个学生充分的学业指导,让学生参与到大问题的学习中去,让学生学会创新和探究的艺术,让学习评价能促进学生的深度发展。本研究对我国高等教育的启示有,应从学习的视角考察本科教育质量问题,构建适切的本科学习目标贯通所有的本科课程,充分重视自由教育的价值与意义,提高教师的教学水平来促进学生的学习。AAC＆U has published policy reports about American undergraduate education reform and survey report about the quality of undergraduate education since 2000. Based on the analysis of these reports, we can find that there are three main weak points to the current American undergraduate education, that is, little attention to undergradu learning aims, more focus on narrow professional leaming and limited understanding on the liberal education. So AAC＆U suggests on the following solutions to the above questions, that is, designing coherent learning aims, providing students with ample guidance on the academic learning, encouraging students engaging in the big problem learning, helping students grasp the arts of inquiry and creating, designing effective assessment to foster the deep development of students. The significance of this research on China＇s higher education is that we should investigate undergraduate education quality from the learning perspective, establish proper undergraduate learning objective to implement all the undergraduate curriculums, fully emphasize the value and meaning of free education and improve teacher＇s teaching capacity to promote students＇ learning.

关 键 词：AAC&U 大学学习 本科教育改革 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]