应用心理学的学科性质——基于钱学森学科结构模型的分析  

The Properties of Applied Psychology:An Analysis Based on the Qian Xuesen Model of Subject Structure

作　　者：范会勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]渤海大学教育与体育学院暨教育心理研究所,锦州121013

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第1期248-252,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：渤海大学博士启动基金项目(BSQD2010-016)的资助

摘　　要：纯粹应用观和独立观是解释应用心理学学科性质的两个代表性理论。前者认为应用心理学仅是基础心理学知识和方法的直接应用;后者则认为应用心理学有独立的本质特征。钱学森学科结构模型赞同独立观,认为应用心理学有三个本质特征:1)研究旨趣面向心理工程技术中的重大问题,生产应用性理论;2)内容体系由社会需求决定,随着需求的变化而变化;3)研究方法的个人经验成分多于基础心理学,少于心理工程技术。在应用心理学建设中,1)要敏于实际需求;2)要大力发展、创立我国需要的应用心理学分支;3)要统一人才培养规制。Although some researchers have discussed the properties of applied psychology, we are still confused by the question what is applied psychology？ To answer it systematically, the present paper adopted Qian Xuesen’s theory of subject structure which was retrieved from the history of physics. There are two debating theories explaining the basic attributes of applied psychology, i.e. the pure application theory and the independence theory. The former argues that applied psychology just directly implicates the knowledge of basic psychology into practical realms; however, the latter insists that applied psychology has its own indispensable properties. The pure application theory dominates the history of psychology; however, it leaves some phenomena unexplained. For example, the basic psychology has not had all the knowledge about human beings’ psyche. In fact, the application has been a re-creative process distinguishable from the process of study. So more and more psychologists believe the independence theory is correct. As is expected, a compellent theory explaining why the independence theory is correct is wanted. Qian Xuesen, an applied scientist, put forth a theory that there are three distinctive groups of subjects within the field related to physics. They are pure science, engineering science, and technical and engineering practice. Qian Xuesen argued that almost all subjects had these three groups. According to this theory, the present paper analyzed the history of psychology, and demonstrated that psychology also had three groups, i.e. basic psychology, applied psychology （also called psychotechnology）, and technical and engineering practice of psychology. Applied psychology, as a historical product, focused on studying key problems proposed by the practice of psychology via scientific methods. This definition determined the basic properties of applied psychology. The present paper analyzed the aim, contents, and methods of applied psychology which were distinctive from the other fields related to ps

关 键 词：应用心理学 基础心理学 心理技术学 学科结构 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]