拟水狼蛛对食物中镉的吸收和排泄及生物学响应  

Cadmium assimilation and elimination and biological response in Pirata subpiraticus(Araneae:Lycosidae) fed on Cadmium diets

作　　者：张征田[1] 张广铎[2] 张虎成[3] 庞振凌[1] 王庆林[1] 夏敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院生命科学与技术学院,南阳473061 [2]南阳理工学院,南阳473061 [3]北京电子科技职业学院生物系,北京100029

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第5期1363-1369,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省基础与前沿技术研究项目(112300410223);河南省重点学科项目(豫教高2008169)

摘　　要：为明确拟水狼蛛对食物中镉的吸收和排泄及生物学响应,采用原子吸收光谱法检测了连续3代拟水狼蛛对食物中Cd2+的吸收和排泄情况,并测定了Cd2+对其生长发育、繁殖力和耐饥力的影响。结果表明:食物中过量的Cd2+能够通过食物链进行传递并在拟水狼蛛体内积累,积累量随拟水狼蛛代数的增加而增加,第2代和第3代拟水狼蛛体内Cd2+积累量浓度显著高于第1代中Cd2+积累量,第2代和第3代间差异不显著,积累量与消耗的黑腹果蝇数量极显著正相关,P<0.01;与消耗食物中Cd含量显著正相关,P<0.05。连续3代拟水狼蛛分别吸收了食物中65.4%、68.5%和69.1%的Cd,生物营养级放大因子分别为1.71、2.12和2.17。连续3代拟水狼蛛Cd排泄量极低。Cd处理能显著改变拟水狼蛛背胸甲宽、幼蛛存活率、生长历期和繁殖力。随拟水狼蛛受胁迫代数的增加,幼蛛存活率显著减少,生长历期显著延长。卵袋重量显著减轻,卵数目显著减少,卵体积显著升高。Cd处理还能显著降低拟水狼耐饥力。研究结果可为进一步研究环境中Cd沿土壤-昆虫-天敌传递、放大和生理耐受提供更为充分的理论依据。With the expanding of economy, the environment protection has become more and more critical especially in developing countries. China is the 2nd economic entity in the world and faces even more challenge. Heavy metals are naturally found in soils and rock formations but may also occur in fertilizers and pesticides, as a result of which may cause heavy-metal contamination. The global rate of heavy metal pollution is rapidly increasing in various habitats, heavy metals such as Cadmium （Cd） are one of the most fundamental causes of soil and water pollution in industrialized and developing countries. Metal pollution is a serious environmental problem worldwide, and severely threatens biological diversity and human health. Cadmium （Cd） is a heavy metal that accumulates in the environment and causes pollution as well as intoxication of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Cd biomagnification in the terrestrial food chain appears to be dependent on the physiological properties of the organisms rather than on their trophic level. Although high Cd body burdens in spiders from the field have been reported many times, experimental verification of the key factors that determine the rate of cadmium accumulation is lacking. Metals can accumulate in plants, and via food webs can cause harmful effects to herbivorous and pollinating insects and their predators, among other members of the biota. Biological indicator species are species that can be measured as surrogates for environmental health and levels of pollution before adverse environmental impacts become obvious. spiders are exposed to environmental pollutants, growth and reproduction can be sharply reduced due to an increased detoxification effort. Spiders, at the individual level, have great potential as biological indicators of metal contamination in soil, because of their position in the food web and consequent biological magnification. Spiders occupy an important part of the predatory arthropod fauna in terrestrial ecosystems. They also play a large role in the

关 键 词：拟水狼蛛 镉 积累 排泄 生物放大 生长历期 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]