1849年中国东部地区雨带推移与长江流域洪涝灾害  

SHIFTS OF RAIN BELTS IN EASTERN CHINA AND FLOODS OF THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN IN 1849

作　　者：晏朝强[1] 谢文慧[1] 马玉玲[1,2] 叶瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]民政部国家减灾中心,北京100022

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2012年第2期318-326,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(批准号:2008BAK50B07)资助

摘　　要：雨带提前进入长江流域并提早撤回、降水异常增多是1849年该地区发生严重洪涝的直接天气原因。本文利用洪涝档案史等资料复原了该年主要的降雨过程和雨带推移过程、长江流域夏季的雨区和降雨强度的时空变化以及洪涝灾害的空间分布。结果表明:1)该年我国东部地区至少有6次主要降雨过程,20次暴雨过程。其中长江流域至少有3个主要连续降雨时段,13次暴雨过程。雨带5月18日～5月30日推进到长江下游地区,8月下旬撤回;2)长江流域夏季雨区主要沿江河分布,整体上有从江南向江北,从下游向中上游逐渐扩展的趋势,同时降雨强度逐渐增大,暴雨区域扩大;3)该年洪涝灾害集中分布在长江中下游沿岸,长江沿岸11个省(市)中有279个县(市)发生洪涝,占当年全部洪涝灾害县(市)的71%,降水异常偏多是发生洪涝的直接原因。The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin experienced extreme floods in 1849A. D. , which caused by earlier and prolonged plum rains seasons. By using the flood records from historical documents, the rainfall process and rain belt shifting patterns as well as the spatial and temporal distribution of summer rain area and rainfall intensity, and floods in the Yangtze River Basin have been reconstructed. Results are summarized as follows ： （ 1 ） There are at least 6 main rainfall processes in eastern China and at least 20 rainstorms in 1849, of which at least 3 were major successive processes of rainfalls and 13 were rainstorms in the Yangtze River Basin. The main rain belt first reached the lower reaches of the Yangtze River on May 18 -30,and moved back to this region on late August; （2）The rain areas of the Yangtze River Basin in summer were mainly distributed along the river, it gradually expanded from the south of the River to the north, from downstream to the upstream, meanwhile the rainfall intensity and heavy rain areas extended gradually; （3）The floods in 1849 were distributed mainly along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,279 countries（cities） of 11 provinces along the river suffered from floods, making up 71% of all flooded countries. The anomaly of excessive rainfall was the direct reason for floods.

关 键 词：1849年 降雨过程 复原 长江 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]