汉英“wh-不定词”功能等值性的新构语义图研究  

The Functional Equivalence of “wh-indefintes” in Chinese and English:A Reconstructed Semantic Map Approach

作　　者：吕公礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2012年第1期40-46,共7页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目"英汉疑问系统的功能语言学比较研究"(项目编号:09CWXZ27)阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着汉语语法化研究的发展,汉语特殊疑问句、特别是疑问代词的"非疑问用法"再度成为热点。汉语和英语"wh-不定词"形态差异显著,但却包含着最大功能等值性和跨语言共性。从"认知性"、"现实性"及"情态性"三维度对汉英语"wh-不定词"进行广义语气分析,使Haspelmath关于世界语言"不定代词"的功能蕴含等级解释力得到更为充分扩展,也有助于汉语"虚指"等描述性概念上升到认知和功能语言学理论层面。The study of the grammaticalization of the ＂wh-indefinites＂ in Chinese has provoked renewed interest in the ＂noninterrogative use＂ of interrogative words, a very controversial issue in the research tradition of Chinese grammar. The comparison of the classification and demarcation by Chinese linguists in the earlier part of the 20th Century and the functional-typological studies recently done by Haspelmath of indefinite pronouns in English are shown to exhibit maximal functional equivalence and crosslinguistic universality between ＂wh-indefinites＂ in the two genetically unrelated languages. In an attempt to resolve the inconsistence and inadequacy of Hapelmath＇ s semantic map in its explanations of ＂wh-indefinites＂ in the two languages, the paper proposes a reconstructed semantic map model, in which functions are defined in a broad sense of moods consisting of three dimensions： cognitive, realis, and attitudinal statuses. The reconstructed model is shown to be more adequate in incorporating ideas as fietive reference in the Chinese linguistic tradition, which is not covered in Haspelmath＇ s study of indefinite pronouns in languages of the world.

关 键 词：汉英“wh-不定词” 语义图 功能等值性 广义语气 非现实性 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]