松软地面机械仿生理论与技术  

Biomimetics of Machinery for Soft Terrain

作　　者：任露泉[1] 佟金[1] 李建桥[1] 陈秉聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林工业大学地面机械仿生技术部门开放研究实验室

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2000年第1期5-9,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!(项目编号:59235090; 59835200)

摘　　要：生物经过长期与自然环境进行物质、能量及信息交换，造就了适应生态环境的生物系统和生存本领，许多科学技术难题在生物界已经获得圆满解决。现代测试技术和测试仪器的出现使得对生物结构、生物功能和生命过程的认识得到了惊人的进展，这为其他学科的研究及发展注入了新的活力，提供了全新的科学原理和技术方法。在工程科学领域中融入生物科学原理和方法进行生物科学与工程科学渗透交融的工程仿生学研究获得了长足的发展，生物科学、机械工程学与松软地面力学相互交叉形成的松软地面机械仿生学成为工程仿生学的重要内容。为解决地面机械在松软地面上工作或行驶过程存在的土壤粘附严重和通过性差两大技术难题，我国学者开展了以生物脱附原理及其仿生技术、仿生步行轮及仿生步行轮式气垫车和骆驼越沙机理及仿生轮胎为代表的松软地面机械仿生学的研究，本文对此进行了综合介绍。Exchanges between living beings (including animals and plants) and natural surroundings in matter, energy and information have resulted in their biological systems and living abilities to adapt themselves to nature over millions upon millions of years. Many problems in science and technology have been satisfactorily settled in living beings. Developments of modern testing techniques and analyzing instruments have made surprising progress in understanding constitutions and functions of living beings and the biological phenomena as well, which creates new important contents and provides new scientific theorems and technical methods for researching and developing in other branches of science. Engineering biomimetics has been developed, considerably, since biological principles and methods are merged in engineering fields. Biomimetics of machinery for soft terrain formed by interdiscipline of biology, mechanical engineering and terramechanics has become an important content of engineering biomimetics. In order to develop theories and methods to reduce soil adhesion against terrain machines and to improve the passing ability of vehicle on soft terrain, corresponding biomimetics researches have been carried out by researchers, for examples, anti adhesion principles, biomimetic anti adhesion techniques, biomimetic walking wheels, air cushion vehicle with biomimetic walking wheels, interaction between camel foot and sand, and biomimetic tire. The researches and developments on this field were reviewed in this paper.

关 键 词：仿生学 地面机械 松软地面 粘附 步行轮 轮胎 

分 类 号：U416.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TB17[生物学—生物工程]