粉末X射线衍射图谱计算植物淀粉结晶度方法的探讨  

Methods for Determining Relative Crystallinity of Plant Starch X-ray Powder Diffraction Spectra

作　　者：徐斌 满建民[1] 韦存虚 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育部植物功能基因组学重点实验室,江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009 [2]扬州大学测试中心,扬州225009

出　　处：《植物学报》2012年第3期278-285,共8页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31071342);扬州大学科技创新培育基金(No.2011CXJ080);江苏省作物学优势学科项目

摘　　要：植物淀粉有A-型、B-型和C-型3种晶体。以水稻(Oryzasativa)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、豌豆(Pisum sativum)和莲藕(Nelumbon ucifera)淀粉为材料,利用粉末X-射线衍射仪(XRD)调查了不同晶体类型淀粉的波谱特征,探讨XRD波谱相对结晶度的计算方法。软件峰拟合法、软件曲线法、直线作图法和曲线作图法均可用于计算淀粉XRD波谱的相对结晶度,以曲线作图法计算结果较为可靠。利用曲线作图法得出的结果表明,稻米淀粉的结晶度与直链淀粉含量呈显著线性负相关,酸解莲藕淀粉的结晶度与淀粉酸水解度呈显著线性正相关。酸水解使莲藕淀粉的C-型晶体转变为A-型晶体。上述研究结果为利用XRD分析植物淀粉晶体类型和计算相对结晶度提供了重要参考。Plant starches have A-, B-, and C-type crystallinity. We investigated spectrum characteristics of starches from rice, potato, pea and lotus by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. Peak-fitting, curved-line, straight-line mapping and curved-line mapping methods are commonly used for determining relative crystallinity of starch XRD spectra. The curved-line mapping method has reliable results. We found the relative crystallinity of rice starch negatively associated with amylose content and that of acid-modified lotus starches positively associated with acid hydrolysis degree by the curved-line mapping method. The crystallinity of lotus starch changed from C- to A-type during acid hydrolysis. These results would be useful for XRD analysis of crystallinity and relative crystallinity of plant starches.

关 键 词：相对结晶度 X射线衍射图 植物淀粉 谱计算 粉末 直线作图法 XRD分析 晶体类型 

分 类 号：TS231[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]