稻壳、稗谷脱硅的初步研究  

Preliminary Studies on Removal of Silicon in Rice Husk and Barnyard Valley

作　　者：刘晓庚[1] 高梅[1] 彭冬梅[1] 王凯[1] 陈梅梅[1] 季国淳[1] 曹崇江[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,南京210003

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2012年第5期81-85,共5页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：江苏省高等学校大学实践创新训练计划(SJ201115)

摘　　要：初步研究了稻谷加工的主要副产物稻壳和稗谷的脱硅方法。正交试验得到微波固态脱硅法的最优脱硅条件是:微波时间为10 min,微波功率为稻壳400W、稗谷200W,脱硅剂为NaOH+Na2CO3(质量比1∶1)、料剂比m原料∶m脱硅剂=5.0∶1.0。微波方式以间隙式辐照为宜,样品粒度为40目～60目,在此条件下稻壳和稗谷的脱硅率分别为61.6%和50.9%,与优化理论计算结果完全相符。微波固态脱硅法对稻壳的脱硅效果优于稗谷。与经典的NaOH溶液脱硅法(脱硅率达98.5%)相比较,微波固态脱硅法实现了选择性脱硅,为脱硅后样品保持硅的骨架奠定了基础,而且该法的环境效果明显优于经典脱硅法。两种脱硅法对稻壳和稗谷的纤维素溶解破坏程度几乎相当,微波法脱硅后纤维素保留率分别为稻壳67.7%、稗谷68.1%,而经典法为稻壳62.5%、稗谷62.9%。但微波固态脱硅法还有选择性脱硅的立体有择性、有择脱硅的详细机理等有待进一步研究探明的问题。Preliminary study of important by-product of rice husk and barnyard valley is the removal of silicon.The optimized conditions of the microwave solid-state silicon removal by orthogonal test method are：microwave irradiation time 10 min,400 W microwave power for rice husk and 200W for barnyard valley,the ratio of raw material and desilication agent is 5.0∶1.0（m∶m）,besides the desilication agent is NaOH＋Na2CO3（1∶1）.Gap-type approach to the microwave irradiation and the sample size of 40 mesh to 60 mesh is appropriate.Rates of de-husk and barnyard silicon valley are 61.6% and 50.9% beyond optimal conditions,matching with the calculated full optimization theory.Microwave solid-state silicon method is better for rice husk than barnyard valley.Compared with the classic NaOH de-silicon method（the desilication rate is over 98.5%）,the microwave solid-state silicon-off method achieves the selectivity of rice husk and barnyard valley,and maintains the silicon skeleton.Apart from these,microwave solid-state silicon-law off the environment is better than the classic one.These two methods almost dissolve the same damage;the retaining cellulose is 67.7% to 68.1% after the silicon removal by microwave method while that of the classic one is 62.5% for rice husk and 62.9% for barnyard valley.There are still some problems to precisely control the process conditions experimental amplification and de-selection mechanism,and so on.

关 键 词：稻壳 稗谷 纤维素测定 硅含量测定 微波固态脱硅 正交试验 

分 类 号：TS210[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]