指类句的元语用学研究  

On the Meta-pragmatic Aspects of Generic Sentences

作　　者：吴炳章[1] 张德玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学外国语学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2012年第3期4-9,127,共6页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部规划基金项目"指类句的认知语用研究"(10YJA740095);山东省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目"指类句的语用研究"(J10WD64)阶段性成果

摘　　要：指类句的元语用学研究涉及语言的表征性和对话性特征。两种特征使指类句在三个层面发生关联:命题的逻辑主词、语句的主语和交际的话题。表征特征使指类量化具有相对性、话语理解的逻辑推理具有容错性。对话特征使指类句的逻辑主词处于话题的统辖范围之内,故指类句的概括义具有相对性。对话特征还是指类句用做论辩的缺省前提,有利于强化论辩推理的有效性,从而增加结论的可信度,最终达到说服听众的目的。The meta-pragmatic aspect of generic sentences is related to the representative and dialogic features of natural language.Both features enable the logical subject of the proposition,the sentential subject,and the topic of communication to associate with each other.The representative feature makes the generalization domain-related and the reasoning error-tolerant.The dialogic feature places the logical subject within the scope of the communication topic,thus relativizing the generalization of a generic sentence.The dialogic feature also enables the use of a generic sentence as default premise so that the implicit power of universal quantification can be elicited to strengthen the argumentation.Thus the credibility of the speaker's statement is enhanced and his audience are convinced.

关 键 词：指类句 表征性 对话性 元语用学 论辩逻辑 容错推理 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]