4～6年级小学生社交焦虑与自尊及自我意识的关系  

The relationship between social anxiety and self-esteem, self-awareness in grade 4-6 primary students

作　　者：邹志礼[1] 陈品红[2] 蒙华庆[1] 王慧[1] 罗庆华[1] 傅一笑[1] 杜莲[1] 邱海棠[1] 邱田[1] 胡华[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院心理卫生中心,重庆400016 [2]北京师范大学心理学院

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2012年第5期436-439,共4页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：重庆市科委软科学基金项目（CSTC,2009CE9171）

摘　　要：目的探索4～6年级小学生社交焦虑情况及与自尊和自我意识的关系。方法分层随机抽取重庆市主城区的3所小学校（重点、普通及农民工小学各1所）的568名在校4—6年级小学生，采用儿童社交焦虑量表（SASC）、Piers—Harris儿童自我意识量表、自尊量表（SES）对小学生进行问卷调查。结果①小学生总社交焦虑及两大因子得分显著高于中国城市常模（P〈0．01）；②女生的社交焦虑总分及害怕否定评价[（4．84±4．26）分，（3．08±2．91）分）]高于男生[（4．12±3．95）分，（2．54±2．63）分，P〈0．05]；随年级的增高，六年级学生害怕否定评价的得分[（3．22±2．82）分]高于五年级[（2．53±2．76）分，P〈0．01]和四年级[（2．54±2．68）分，P〈0．05]；农民工小学、单亲家庭和收入相对低的家庭者社交焦虑得分较高，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；③小学生总社交焦虑及两大因子与其自尊水平呈显著正相关（r=0．305，0．282，0．270），与自我意识及各因子呈不同程度的负相关（r=-0．202～-0．511），相关均达到显著性（P〈0．01）；④小学生害怕否定评价能被自我意识中的焦虑和合群解释占25．5％；社交回避及苦恼能被自我意识中的焦虑、合群和智力与学校情况解释占20．4％；总的社交焦虑能被自我意识中的焦虑和合群解释占28．2％。结论4～6年级小学生有较高的社交焦虑水平；不同性别、年级、学校、家庭结构、家庭月收入的小学生社交焦虑水平存在差异，其社交焦虑与自我意识和自尊水平密切相关。Objective To explore the status of social anxiety and study the relationship between social anxiety and self-consciousness, self-esteem among primary students. Methods Using stratified randomization sampling method ,568 primary students in grade 4 -6 were investigated with social anxiety scale for children（ SASC ）, self-consciousness scale for children （PHCSS） and self-esteem scale （SES）. Results ①The score of SASC in the group of primary students was obviously higher than that of Chinese norm （P〈 0.01 ）. ②The SASC and negative evaluation scores in the female were higher than the male （P 〈 0.05 ） , the negative evaluation scores in the sixth grade （3.22 ± 2.82） was higher than the fifth grade （2.53 ± 2.76, P 〈 0.01 ） and fourth grade （2.54 ± 2.68, P 〈 0.05 ）. The primary students in migrant workers elementary school, the single parent family and the relatively low income family had higher social anxiety scores than others （P 〈 0.05 ）. ③The SASC and two major factors were sig- nificantly negative correlated with the self-consciousness and each subscale（ r = -0. 202 ± -0.511, P 〈 0.01 ） , and positive correlated with the self-esteem（ r= 0. 282,0. 270,0. 305, P 〈 0.01 ）. ④The anxiety and gregariousness had significant prediction function of 25.5 % on negative evaluation, and 28.2% on SASC, anxiety, gregari- ousness, intelligence and school situation had significant prediction function of 20.4% on social avoidance and dis- tress. Conclusions Primary students in grade 4 - 6 existed social anxiety. There are significant differences for their level of anxiety in different gender, grade, elementary school, family structure, monthly income. And social anxiety is closely related to self-consciousness and self-esteem.

关 键 词：小学生 社交焦虑 自我意识 自尊 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]