先秦“话体”的生成、性质及文体嬗变  

On the Generation,Character,and Change of “Huati” in the Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：夏德靠[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院文学院,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第2期70-77,共8页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目(200713);国家社科基金项目(10XZW0006)

摘　　要：先秦时期的祝官文献主要面向神灵,但有时也指向世俗层面,如《周礼》六辞。"六辞"中的"会"是"话"字的假借,因此"话"是一种指称"善言"的仪式性文体。祝官在早期承担训诫的职能,他们在工作中常常会积累辑集一些格言谚语以用于训诫。这些辑集的格言谚语形成话体。"话体"最初作为一种承担着训诫职能的仪式性文体,它属于祝官文献。随着史官群体及优人群体的兴起,产生了语类文献及优语文献,这些文献促使"话体"由神圣性文本向世俗化文本的转变。这一过程主要表现为:一是"话体"为"语体"所继承;二是"话体"向话本小说的演变。在殷商及西周早期一般用"话"来指称记言文献,这一用法在春秋时期被"语"体所取代。先秦时期重视讲说故事的"善言"性质,而话本及说话伎艺突出故事的娱乐性,这种由"善言"到"故事"的转化实际上反映"话体"向话本小说的演变。＂Zhuguan＂（officials in charge of rite） documents in the pre-Qin period are mainly aimed at gods,and sometimes they are also for the civil.＂Hua＂ is a ritual-style of speech of goodwill.＂Huati＂,early as a ritual style for admonition,belongs to ＂Zhuguan＂ documents.With the rise of historiographers and actors as well,their documents have made ＂Huati＂ to change from a holly style into a civilian one.This process is seen in two aspects：one is the succession of ＂Huati＂ by ＂Yuti＂（type of writing）,and the other is the change of ＂Huati＂ to ＂Huaben＂ novels（novels of folk and public novels）.The change from speech of goodwill to story is the reflection of the change of ＂Huati＂ to ＂Huaben＂ novel.

关 键 词：祝官文献 话体 仪式文体 语体 话本 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]