从仪式神圣世界到文学艺术的虚构世界  

From the Sacred World of Rituals to the Imaginary World of Literature and Arts

作　　者：马大康[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院 [2]温州大学文艺学研究中心

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2012年第3期115-126,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“现代、后现代视域中的文学虚构问题研究”[10BZW003]的阶段成果

摘　　要：劳动实践是文学艺术产生的终极根源,然而,却必须经过原始仪式活动这个中介环节。原始仪式活动是孕育文学艺术的母胎。在仪式活动中,神灵观念的形成,开启了人类真正意义上的精神空间,从而为原始形象符号活动向文学艺术活动演化提供了决定性条件。仪式活动中表演者与观众的分化,仪式活动的集权化、集中化以及泛化,共同促成文学艺术从仪式的神圣世界中分离出来,走向独立。由于神的离去留下了空位,文学艺术就从与"神圣"打交道转而成为与"无"打交道的世界,也即一个不确定的虚构世界,但它仍然遗传了神圣世界的阈限现象,以其虚无和无限化解了种种外在秩序和规范,让人重返自由。文学艺术的虚构世界处在仪式神圣世界与日常生活世界所构成的张力之中,虽然它努力维持着自身的独立性,却不能不受到两者的影响,并因此铸成它的特征及其变化。Primitive ritualistic activity is the matrix in which literature and art are produced. In these ritualistic activities, the concept of deities formed, and the spiritual space of the human world was then constructed, and provided the decisive condition for the primitive symbolic imagery activities to evolve into literature and art activity. In the primitive ritualistic activities, the dis- tinction between the performers and the audience, together with the centralization, intensification and generalization of ritualistic activities, help to establish literature and art as a separate activity from those ritualistic sacred world. Devoid of the existence of the deities, the theme of literature and art become concerned with the world of ＂nothingness＂ instead of the world of ＂divinity,＂ which means that the world of literature and art turns to an imaginary world of uncertainty. The world of ＂nothingness＂ inherits some threshold phenomena from the sacred world, and the orders and standards external to the world are dissolved in its nothing- ness and limitlessness, setting people free from them. The imaginary world of literature and art lies in the tension between the rit- ualistic sacred world and the world of everyday life, and despite its struggle for independence, it is still subject to the influence from both of the two worlds, thus forging its characteristics and changes.

关 键 词：原始仪式 文学艺术起源 虚构 神圣 

分 类 号：I04[文学—文学理论]