“某V某的N”构式的认知语用研究  

A Pragma-Cognitive Study of the Chinese “sb V sb's N” Construction

作　　者：侯国金[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川外语学院外国语文研究中心,重庆400031

出　　处：《外语教学》2012年第4期6-12,共7页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：四川外语学院和国家社科基金项目"语用翻译学:寓意言谈翻译研究"(SISU201209;12BYY017);教育部人文社会科学研究项目"词汇-构式语用学:语用翻译学的第一座桥"(12XJA740008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文以(认知)构式语法的精神,从认知语用视角初步探讨了汉语的"某V某的N"构式,将其分为一式、二式和三式,阐述了它们的语法特征、语音特征、语义特征,重点是论述了语用特征,如"某"的词性和指称赋值、"某"的"亲你排他性"、语用定位词、VN的分离性、语用标记性、语用预设、语用隐含和语用歧义。文章指出,该构式通常语用预设了VN是听者的动作(状态)且已经或可能发生,VN具有一定的回声重复性,语义焦点则是V或N。该构式的语力多为允许、劝诱、劝诫、命令、敦促、警告、讽刺或批评,其语用隐含多为催促对方,互不干扰。最后还浅论了似是而非的"某V某的N"。This thesis is a tentative study of the Chinese ＂sb V sb＇s N＂ construction, in light of （cognitive） construction grammar. The construction is classified into three types ： Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The expounding of their grammatical, phonological and semantic features is followed by that of their pragmatic ones ： word class and deictic assignment of the ＂sb＂, its partiality for the second person, pragmatic down-pinners in the construction, segmentability of the VN, pragmatic marked- ness, pragmatic presupposition, pragmatic implication and pragmatic ambiguity. The thesis points out that the construction of- ten presupposes that VN constitutes a past or possible act（ion） of the hearer, with a dose of echo-repetitiveness, and with V or N being its semantic focus. The i11ocution of the construction ranges from permission, persuasion, dissuasion, command and urging to warning, satirizing and criticism, pragmatically implying that the speaker urges the hearer to take action and that both sides should not interfere with each other. The last section touches upon constructions similar to the construction in question.

关 键 词：“某V某的N” 构式 语用预设 语用隐含 语力 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]