顿悟脑的10年:人类顿悟脑机制研究进展  

One decade for insightful brain: New advances on neural correlates of insight

作　　者：沈汪兵[1] 罗劲[2,3] 刘昌[1] 袁媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学系暨认知神经科学实验室,南京210097 [2]首都师范大学学习与认知北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国科学院心理健康重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2012年第21期1948-1963,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30770708);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB833900);江苏省第4期"333高层次人才培养工程"资助项目

摘　　要：自21世纪首次借助脑成像技术对解决字谜任务过程中顿悟一瞬间的大脑活动状况进行研究以来,目前已有近10年的历史,获得了许多富有价值的研究.这些研究从顿悟的时间进程和脑神经基础两方面对顿悟的大脑机制进行了丰富的探讨,并形成了有关人类解决顿悟问题的"顿悟脑"的神经框架.研究显示,顿悟脑主要由外侧前额叶、扣带回、海马、颞上回、梭状回、楔前叶、楔叶、脑岛和小脑组成.就各脑区的功能而言,外侧前额叶主要负责顿悟难题思维定势的转移和打破,扣带回则参与新旧思路的认知冲突以及解题进程的监管,海马、颞上回和梭状回组成了"三维一体"的、专门负责新异而有效联系形成的神经网络,问题表征的有效转换则依赖于楔叶和楔前叶组成的"非言语的"视觉空间信息加工网络,脑岛负责认知灵活性和顿悟相关情绪体验,反应相关手指运动的皮下控制则依赖于小脑.The first neuroimaging study measuring real-time brain activity during insight problem solving was conducted almost ten years ago. Subsequently, a large number of studies have used high-resolution event-related potentials （ERPs） and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） to investigate the temporal dynamics and neural correlates of insight. Recent findings regarding the neural underpinnings of insight have led researchers to propose a neural framework referred to as the ＂insightful brain＂. This putative framework represents the neural basis underlying the cognitive and affective processes involved in insight. The insightful brain is thought to involve many distributed brain regions, including the lateral prefrontal brain, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, superior temporal gyms, fusiform gyms, precuneus, cuneus, insula and cerebellum. Functional studies have reported that the lateral prefrontal cortex is responsible for mental set shifting and breaking in insight problem solving, the cingulate cortex is involved in cognitive conflict between new and old ideas as well as progress monitoring, and the hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus and fusiforrn gyrus form an integrated functional network specializing in the formation of novel and affective associations. In addition, affective transformation of problem representations has been found to depend on a non-verbal visual-spatial information-processing network comprised of the precuneus and cuneus. The insula has been found to reflect cognitive flexibility and emotional experience associated with insight, and the cortical control of finger movements was found to rely on the cerebellum.

关 键 词：顿悟问题解决 顿悟脑 创造性思维 神经影像 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]