生物古地理、分子分异时间及化石纪录：古中华貂在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗晚中新世宝格达乌拉组的新材料(英文)  

ZOOGEOGRAPHY,MOLECULAR DIVERGENCE,AND THE FOSSIL RECORD—THE CASE OF AN EXTINCT FISHER,PEKANIA PALAEOSINENSIS (MUSTELIDAE,MAMMALIA) ,FROM THE LATE MIOCENE BAOGEDA ULA FORMATION,NEI MONGOL

作　　者：王晓鸣[1,2] 曾志杰[3,2] 竹内哲二 

机构地区：[1]美国洛杉矶自然历史博物馆,洛杉矶CA90007 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室,北京100044 [3]美国南加州大学,洛杉矶CA90089 [4]美国乔治·佩奇沥青湖博物馆,洛杉矶CA90036

出　　处：《古脊椎动物学报》2012年第3期293-307,共15页Vertebrata Palasiatica

基　　金：the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Patterson Memorial Grant for fieldwork National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant,United States Fulbright Program, Geological Society of America;the Evolving Earth Foundation;the National Basic Research Program of China(GrantNo.2012CB821900);the National Natural Science Foundationo f China(GrantNo.40730210)~~

摘　　要：北美现生的潘氏貂Martes pennanti(荷兰殖民区俗名fisher,北美印地安土著俗名pe-kan)传统被归入貂属(Martes)。20世纪70年代初Elaine Anderson首先认识到北美fisher的祖先可以追溯到中国山西保德晚中新世的古中华貂M.palaeosinensis。它们的共同特征是上裂齿唇侧具有一个孤立的小齿根。因此在众多的化石和现生貂中,这些具有多一个小齿根的种类可以归入它们自己的一个分支,并重新启用已建立的Pekania属来区别于其他种类。近年来新兴的分子系统研究也趋于把北美的fisher与中、南美的Eira及北半球的狼獾(Gulo)并列,甚至指示它可能是狼獾的姊妹群。因此把fisher独立归入Pekania属中可能是未来的方向。2009年我们在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗宝格达乌拉组的晚中新世地层中发现了一个古中华貂的上颌。这是该种在内蒙古的首次发现,借此机会对目前的分子系统关系、分异年代及化石记录进行综合探讨。虽然保德和宝格达乌拉的古中华貂在时代上与分子钟估算的5～8Ma比较一致,狼獾的化石记录却远比古中华貂的老(可以追到11Ma左右)。如果狼獾确实是fisher的姊妹群或与它并系的话,那么fisher的分异时间也可能更早。Elaine Anderson first established in the early 1970s a close relationship between the Late Miocene Chinese Martes palaeosinensis and living North American fisher M. pennanti,based on their shared presence of an external rootlet on the upper carnassial. Such a recognition paved the way for their elevated status as a distinct genus of their own,Pekania,an implicit relationship increasingly corroborated by molecular phylogenetics,which tend to show that the living fisher is either a sister to the northern Holarctic wolverine（Gulo） or a stem group bracketed between Central and South American tayra（Eira） and a Gulo-Martes clade. We describe an upper jaw of Pekania palaeosinensis from the late Miocene（Baodean） Baogeda Ula Formation of Nei Mongol. We take this opportunity to review the molecular relationships,divergence time,and the fossil record of the Pekania clade. Although the Chinese records of the fishers are in close agreement with divergence time estimates of 5 - 8 Ma for the Pekania clade based on molecular clock estimates,a deep fossil record for the wolverines,on the other hand, suggests a much more ancient divergence time and by extension,for the fishers as well.

关 键 词：内蒙古 中新世保德期 宝格达乌拉组 古中华貂 狼獾 动物地理 分子系统关系 分子钟 分异时间 

分 类 号：Q915.874[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]