超越主体哲学的困境——关于马克思主义哲学研究新路径的思索  

To Overcome the Dilemma of Subjective Philosophy——An Investigation of New Approach to Marxist Philosophical Research

作　　者：王晓升[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学系,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《学术月刊》2012年第8期39-47,共9页Academic Monthly

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助

摘　　要：按照德国学者哈贝马斯的观点,黑格尔早就意识到主体哲学的困境,并试图在反思哲学的框架中克服主体哲学的困难;而马克思在早期则延续了黑格尔的思路,用"劳动"来取代黑格尔的"自我意识",并借此来克服主体哲学的困难。但事实上,马克思后来在《德意志意识形态》中已超越了早期的思路。在这里,作为劳动主体的人不是抽象的具有精神能力或者改造自然能力的人,而是在一定的历史条件下被塑造出来的人。然而,哈贝马斯从马克思早期思想出发,认为马克思仍然停留在黑格尔哲学的框架中,没有能够克服主体哲学的困境。与此相呼应的是,中国三十多年来的马克思主义哲学在很大程度上也是从马克思早期思想出发研究主客体关系,看不到马克思克服主体哲学的新思路,甚至退回到主体哲学的框架之中。要深化马克思主义哲学的研究,就需要进一步深入发掘成熟时期马克思克服主体哲学困境的新思路,把微观分析与宏观分析、参与者视角与观察者视角结合起来,从而构建符合时代要求的马克思主义哲学理论。According to Habermas, Hegel has already found the dilemma of the subjective philosophy, and tried to resolve the difficulties of subjective philosophy in paradigm of reflexive philosophy. In his early period, Marx continued Hegel＇s approach, but replaced the self-consciousness with labour, thereby to overcome the difficulties of subjective philosophy. But, later in his ＂Die deutsche Ideologic＂, Marx went beyond the early approach. However, Habermas starts from Marx＇s earlier thoughts, suggests that Marx still stay in the paradigm of Hegel philosophy and can not overcome the difficulties of subjective philosophy. In recent 30 years, Marxist philosophy in China still to some extent started from Marx＇s early thoughts to study the relations of subject and object, and could not find the new approach with which Marx overcame the difficulties of subjective philosophy, even went back to the paradigm of subjective philosophy. To deepen the study of Marxist philosophy, we must further study the new approach with which earlier Marx overcame the difficulties of the subjective philosophy.

关 键 词：主体哲学 马克思哲学 哈贝马斯 主客体 

分 类 号：B27[哲学宗教—中国哲学]