民族村落农业种质资源多样性变化及其原因分析——以云南省师宗县黑尔壮族社区为例  

Change in Agricultural Germplasm Resource Diversity in Minority Villages and Analysis of Its Cause——A Case Study of Hei'er Zhuang Nationality Village in Shizong County,Yunnan Province

作　　者：王思铭 周玖璇[2] 况荣平[2,3] 薛达元[4] 武建勇[4] 

机构地区：[1]云南思力生态替代技术中心,云南昆明650224 [2]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091 [3]西南林业大学保护生物学系,云南昆明650224 [4]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2012年第4期380-384,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B08);财政部/环境保护部生物多样性保护专项

摘　　要：以云南省师宗县黑尔壮族社区为例,收集整理了66种农业种质资源,分析了该社区农业种质资源多样性的变化及其原因,探讨了民族村落农业种质资源的保护策略。结果表明,1980年以前,黑尔壮族社区农业种质资源较为丰富,但由于现代农业和经济发展等因素的影响,地方品种严重丧失;被保留下来的地方品种大都与当地生产生活,尤其是与民族文化密切相关。以黑尔糯稻为例,分析了黑尔糯稻种质资源得以保留的原因及面临的威胁;同时,提出其他种质资源,如油菜、姜、花生等也是该社区保留下来的具有重要价值的地方种质资源。针对村落农业种质资源丧失的现状,建议通过生态补偿等措施,调动壮族村民的积极性,运用传统知识和传统文化的力量,充分发掘并开发利用村落农业种质资源,实施以社区为基础的农家保护策略,促进民族村落农业种质资源多样性的有效保护。Hei’er Village in Shizong County of Yunnan Province was chosen as a case of study for analysis of change in agricultural germplasm resource diversity therein and its causes.And a total of 66 kinds of agricultural germplasm resources were collected and collated.Strategies for protection of the resources in those villages have been discussed.Results show that the diversity in the village was quite abundant before 1980,but it was affected by a series of factors,such as modern farming and economic development,losing a great number of indigenous varieties,and most of the preserved indigenous varieties were closely related to the local traditional life style and production,especially culture of the nationality.Take Hei’er glutinous rice as an example,causes of its preservation and the threats it is faced with were analyzed.Meanwhile,some other indigenous varieties or species,like rape,ginger,peanuts and so on,were also found of high value worthy preserving in the village.These findings suggest that community-specific strategies and policies,such as ecological compensation,stimulation of villagers’ enthusiasm,utilization of the strength of traditional knowledge and culture,exploitation and development to the full extent of the indigenous agricultural germplasm resources,and village-based farmer household responsible conservation,should be taken to promote preservation and sustainable utilization of the valuable indigenous varieties.

关 键 词：种质资源 多样性保护 传统文化 云南 黑尔社区 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S324[农业科学—作物遗传育种]