福建罗源湾潮间带沉积物重金属含量空间分布及其环境质量影响  

Distribution Patterns of Heavy Metals in Surficial Sediment and Their Influence on the Environment Quality of the Intertidal Flat of Luoyuan Bay,Fujian Coast

作　　者：高文华[1] 杜永芬[1] 王丹丹[1] 高抒[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第9期3097-3103,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(40906066);中国博士后基金项目(20100471303);江苏省博士后基金项目(0901016C);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

摘　　要：潮间带是典型的环境脆弱带和敏感带.为探明福建罗源湾潮间带的环境质量,于2009年在该区开展了野外调查,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定了该区表层沉积物中重金属(Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn)浓度,用潜在生态风险评价法评价了该区的环境质量.结果表明,整个潮间带表层沉积物主要是粉砂和黏土质粉砂,重金属元素(Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn)的平均含量分别为:20.48、77.82、23.24、40.67、36.25、134.75、111.21 mg.kg-1;互花米草盐沼区表层沉积物中重金属含量明显高于光滩区;与其它地区相比,本区表层沉积物重金属含量明显高于福建海岸带土壤背景值,但低于珠江口地区.主成分分析和相关分析表明,工业排污和生活污水是本区重金属污染的主要来源,而矿床开采以及有机质降解产生的内源释放也是该区重金属元素来源的主要途径之一.潜在生态风险评价显示,研究区具中等程度的潜在生态危害风险;Ni和Co是主要环境污染因子,Pb的污染程度较低;互花米草盐沼的潜在生态风险高于光滩区,不同重金属的潜在生态危害程度顺序为Ni>Co>Cu>Pb>Cr>V>Zn.Intertidal flats represent a typical environmentally fragile and sensitive zone.In order to investigate the environmental quality of the intertidal zone in Luoyuan Bay,field survey was carried out in 2009.Contents of heavy metals（Co,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,V and Zn） in the surficial sediment were measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES）.Moreover,the impact on the environment quality was evaluated with the potential ecological risk method.The average contents of the heavy metals Co,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,V and Zn in the surficial sediment were 20.48,77.82,23.24,40.67,36.25,134.75 and 111.21 mg·kg-1,respectively.The heavy metal contents in the Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh were apparently higher than those in the bare flat.Further,the heavy metal concentrations found in the present study were generally higher than the background values of the coastal regions of Fujian Province,but lower than those associated with the Pearl River estuary.According to principal component and correlation analyses,industrial wastewater,mineral exploration and degradation of organic matter were the main sources of heavy metals in the area investigated.The results of potential ecological risk evaluation indicated that the intertidal zone as a whole can be ranked as ＂moderate potential ecological risk＂.Ni and Co were the major pollutants among the metals in consideration;the pollution related to Pb was less significant.The level of potential ecological risk of the Spartina alterniflora slat-marsh was higher than that of the bare flat.The sequence of potential ecological risk for the heavy metals was Ni〉Co〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉V〉Zn.

关 键 词：重金属元素 环境评价 潮间带 互花米草盐沼 福建罗源湾 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55