城市交通方式竞争态势及来自生态学的理论启示  

An Analysis on the Competitive Tension of Travel Modes and the Heuristic Thoughts from Ecology

作　　者：刘贤腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2012年第5期66-75,共10页Urban Planning Forum

摘　　要：在分析回顾我国城市交通方式发展态势之后,认为在城市化高速发展的转型期内,各种交通方式间的竞争格局已经形成。生态位概念及生态位分化启示:各种交通方式在满足出行距离需求时所占据的"生态位"间存在着重叠,由此产生的竞争必然造成各种交通方式生态位的重新分化。分化过程是一个不稳定的过程,但将会随城市化过程而逐趋于稳定。,为使分化过程沿可持续发展方向进行,应该采取鼓励公交优先发展政策,通过提高公共交通的竞争力来"管制"小汽车的使用。The paper aims to refine theories on travel mode competition. After crit- ically reviewing the reality of urban travel modes in China, it is suggested that competition among different modes has been formed during the transition period of rapid urbanization. The terminology of ecological niche in ecology and the prin- ciple of niche differentiation shed new light on the research of transportation sys- tems. There exist overlaps among different travel modes in satisfying transporta- tion demand and these give rise to the competition among travel modes. A pro- cess of travel demand differentiation can develop as niche modes appear. The sta- tus of niche differentiation is unstable and the process will be gradually terminat- ed along with the ending of urbanization process. It is contended that there should be policy interventions in the process in order to ensure urban sustainabili- ty, for example, giving priority to urban transit and deterring the use of private cars.

关 键 词：城市交通 交通方式竞争 生态位 生态位分化 政策干预 

分 类 号：U12[交通运输工程] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]