加工策略在加减法问题大小效应中的作用  

The Problem-size Effect in Mental Addition and Subtraction

作　　者：田花[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州科技学院,郑州450064

出　　处：《心理研究》2012年第5期29-38,共10页Psychological Research

摘　　要：文章主要考察提取和非提取策略在加减法问题大小效应中的作用。实验一的验证性任务中小问题的错误答案诱发的负成分的潜伏期比大问题更快,实验二的生成式任务中大问题的正慢波比小问题更负,且表现出右半球优势,表明大问题更慢的结果提取以及更多采用非提取策略是问题大小效应形成的重要原因。此外,减法的问题大小效应比加法更明显,是由于减法大问题的答案提取过程比加法大问题更慢,但未发现加减法在非提取策略使用上的差异。In present study, the role of the retrieval and nonretrieval procedures on the problem-size effect in addition and subtraction and the difference between the two arithmetic by ERP was examined. In experiment 1, in both addition and subtraction verification tasks, the latency of the negative component evoked by the wrong answer was longer in the large problems than in the small problems. In experiment 2, the late positive slow wave for large problems was more negative than the one for small problems, which was prominent in the right brain. It was concluded that the problem-size effect is due to the slower retrieval procedures and greater use of nonretrieval procedures for the large problems. Furthermore the problem-size effect was more evident in subtraction than in addition mainly because the large subtraction was solved slower than the large addition, but there was no difference of the nonretrieval procedures between the two arithmetic.

关 键 词：心算 加法 减法 问题大小效应 脑事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]