同场对抗球类项目比赛负荷的实验研究——以篮球、足球、曲棍球、手球为例  

Experimental Research on the Players' Match Load of Same-field-based Team Games——Taking Basketball,Football,Field-hockey and Handball as Examples

作　　者：赵刚[1] 刘丹[2] 李强[3] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学,广东深圳518060 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]天津体育学院,天津300381

出　　处：《体育科学》2012年第10期50-55,共6页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本09-09)

摘　　要：通过录像分析与数理统计等方法,对篮球、足球、曲棍球、手球等同场对抗球类项目的运动员比赛负荷进行研究。研究结果表明,足球比赛有高速、中速、低速3种比赛负荷,与6个速度段相对应。1～5个速度等级的比赛负荷量在下半场都低于上半场,足球下半场负荷量下降幅度最大,其次为手球、篮球、曲棍球。进攻运动员第1速度段负荷量最高,组织运动员在2、3、4、5个速度段的负荷量最大,防守运动员只在第6个速度段负荷量高于进攻和防守运动员。足球下半场第1速度段负荷强度下降较快,而其他速度段的强度变化较曲棍球、手球、篮球稳定。篮球项目在第3、4、5个速度段的负荷强度下降较快。曲棍球第1速度段负荷强度下降最小,第2、3、4、5个速度段下降快。手球在较高的速度段的强度下降较快,而随着速度的下降,速度下降幅度也逐渐减小。在进攻、组织和防守3个位置中,组织运动员比赛负荷强度最高,其次为防守运动员,最后是进攻运动员。The methods of match-film analyzing and statistical research were undertaken to analyze the players＇ physical load in football, basketball, field-hockey and handball matches. The results show that there are three kinds of match loads （high-speed, mid-speed and low-speed） in football matches, corresponding to the 6 different running velocities, the load of 1-5 velocities decreased at the second half of the match, the decreasing of football the most obviously, next handball, basketball and field-hockey. The attacking players bear the highest load at the 1st velocity, and organizing players endure the highest load at the 2-5 velocities, while only at the 6 th velocity the defending players load is higher than the other tow. The load intensity of football falls the fastest at the 1st velocity at second half, and keeps stable at other velocities comparing to handball, basketball and field-hockey. Meanwhile, basketball falls fastest at 3-5 velocities; field-hockey falls least at 1st velocity, but much faster at 2-5 velocities. Among organizing, attacking and defending players, the organizing players match load intensity is the highest, next comes the defending and attacking ones 7.

关 键 词：同场对抗 球类项目 比赛负荷 负荷量 负荷强度 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]