重力梯度稳定微小卫星大角度机动最优控制的遗传算法  

Genetic algorithm for optimal large angle maneuvers of gravity gradient stabilized micro-satellites

作　　者：徐敏[1] 李俊峰[1] 王照林[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程力学系,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2000年第6期42-44,52,共4页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 !( 1970 2 0 11)

摘　　要：为满足小卫星设计要求 ,针对重力梯度稳定微小卫星 ,建立了其大角度姿态机动的动力学模型 ,并应用Pontryagin极大值原理进行了最优控制问题的研究。同时 ,将遗传算法引入卫星姿态控制的数值计算中 ,求解最短时间控制问题和能量最优控制问题 ,发展了一种新的最优控制问题的计算方法 ,避免了对迭代初值进行猜测的困难 ,提高了计算效率。以“清华一号”微小卫星为算例进行了数值仿真计算 。This paper analyzes attitude control of small satellites to determine optimal large angle attitude maneuvers for gravity gradient stabilized with three reaction wheels. The satellite attitude dynamics equations were solved by using Euler parameters to determine the gravity gradient torque and wheel motor torque. The necessary conditions for optimum solutions subject to the performance index were obtained using Pontryagin's principle. Methods for calculating the optimal solution of the minimum time attitude slewing motion and the energy optimal problems were obtained using Genetic Algorithm, which does not need initial guesses and increases the calculational efficiency. As a numerical example, the optimal control problem was analyzed for the micro satellite “Tsinghua 1”. The resulting two point boundary value problem is solved numerically with an optimal slew illustrated by example.

关 键 词：微小卫星 大角度机动 最优控制 重力梯度 

分 类 号：V448.221[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]