天津滨海新区湿地生态恢复需水量评估  

Ecological Water Requirement for Wetland Ecological Restoration in Tianjin Binhai New District

作　　者：张晓春[1,2] 马春[2] 陈卫平[1] 李洪远[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院,天津300456 [3]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2012年第5期63-66,130,共5页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(TKS120203;TKS120103)

摘　　要：生态需水量的核算是湿地水文生态恢复的关键步骤。通过分析计算,评估天津滨海新区湿地生态系统各类生态需水的3个特征值:最低生态需水量(即湿地生态系统丧失生态功能的临界需水量)、最适生态需水量(即维持湿地生态功能最佳状态的需水量)、最高生态需水量(即湿地生态系统所能承受的最大水量),得出如下结论:天津滨海地区湿地的生态需水主要包括蒸发蒸散需水量、湿地土壤需水量、补给地下水、湿地生物栖息地需水量4个部分;湿地的最低生态需水量为177.68×106～276.85×106 m3,最适生态需水量539.23×106～807.81×106 m3,最高生态需水量1 206.55×106～1 409.02×106 m3。The calculation of ecological water requirement is a key step for the wetland ecological restoration.In this study,three characteristic values of the ecological water requirement for the ecological system in the wetlands of Tianjin Binhai New District were calculated,which included the minimum ecological water requirement（the critical water requirement for the wetlands not to lose the ecological functions）,the optimal ecological water requirement（the water requirement for the wetlands to maintain the best ecological functions）,and the maximum ecological water requirement（the water requirement which the wetlands can afford）.The results showed that the ecological water requirement for the wetlands in Tianjin Binhai New District includes four aspects：water requirement for evapotranspiration,water requirement for wetland soil,water requirement for recharge of groundwater,and water requirement for wildlife habitats.The minimum ecological water requirement for the wetlands in the study area was（177.68~276.85）×106 m3,the optimal ecological water requirement was（539.23~807.81）×106 m3,and the maximum ecological water requirement was（1 206.55~1 409.02）×106 m3.

关 键 词：天津滨海新区 生态恢复 蒸发蒸散需水量 湿地土壤需水量 地下水补给需水量 生物栖息地需水量 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]