汉日拒绝策略理论与实证对比研究——以“请求—拒绝”会话结构为研究中心  

A Contrastive Study of the Theory and a Demonstration of the Refusal Strategies of Chinese and Japanese Language in Action——Focusing on“Request-Refuse”Conversations

作　　者：王静 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学国际学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2012年第5期71-77,共7页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：本文以"请求—拒绝"会话结构为中心,通过语用调查,对汉日拒绝言语行为进行对比研究。简言之,中日在"缓冲语"、策略模式组合等方面均有相似之处,都大量使用具有缓和、柔化功能的语气词、副词,喜用"直接拒绝"、"理由说明"。但从具体数值分析,彼此又存在大量语用差异。在策略组合模式上,日本人习惯将"先行致歉"与"直接拒绝"、"理由说明"配合使用,属典型的消极礼貌策略。而中国人在消极被动的礼貌原则与积极主动的礼貌原则的共同驱使下,产生了形式多样的拒绝策略组合。就"理由说明"内容而言,日本人表现出暧昧、含糊的特点,而中国人则具体、明确,且话语内容丰富,话语量多。在"称呼语"方面,由于汉语中没有明确的敬语体系,中国人的使用频率远远高于日本人。而在拥有完整敬语体系的日语中,往往依靠语言形式的变化表示人际间的关系。This paper focuses on ＂Request-Refuse＂ conversations, and makes a comparative study of Chinese and Japanese refusing language by pragmatic investigation. In brief, Chinese and Japanese have some similarities in hedging words and strategies, with a large number of comfortable and soft interjections and adverbs and the preference of ＂Direct refusing＂ and ＂Giving reasons＂. But in the details seen through simulation, there are many pragmatic differences. On strategy, Japanese tend to combine ＂apologizing firstly＂ with ＂Direct refusing＂ and ＂Giving reasons＂, which is a typical negative politeness, while Chinese have multiple refusing types due to the combination of negative politeness and positive politeness. With regard to ＂Giving reasons＂, Japanese are equivocal and ambiguous, but Chinese are specific, clear, and use plenty of words. From the perspective of address forms, Chinese speakers use these more frequently than Japanese because of the absence of an honorific system, but in Japanese, the changing of language form reflects interpersonal relationships because of the existence of the honorific system.

关 键 词：拒绝 礼貌策略理论 语义公式 语言迁移 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H136