基于二次订货与回购的供应链网络应对需求扰动  

Supply chain network coping with demand disruption based on second order and buy-back contracts

作　　者：徐兵[1] 张小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学管理科学与工程系,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《系统工程学报》2012年第5期668-678,共11页Journal of Systems Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70961006);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20100481186)

摘　　要：各类频发的突发事件经常导致需求扰动,使供应链网络难以正常运作和应对.分析了批发价合同和提前订货策略下生产商之间、零售商之间的竞争行为,得到供给市场和零售市场的均衡模型;由价格平衡和供需平衡条件得到需求市场均衡模型;进而建立了多商品流三层供应链网络均衡的变分不等式模型.当突发事件导致需求扰动时,原供应链网络均衡状态难以维持,供需矛盾将引起需求市场价格波动,导致供应链运作风险和社会福利损失.假定生产商提供回购合同、并允许零售商二次订货,分析了需求扰动后供给市场、零售市场和需求市场均衡的变化,建立了可应对需求扰动的供应链网络均衡模型.仿真算例验证了模型的合理性和有效性.It is difficult for supply chain network to operate normally and cope with the demand disruption led by the frequent unexpected events. The competition behaviors of multiple manufacturers and multiple retailers are analyzed respectively under the assumption that the manufacturers offer wholesale price contract and retailers make advance order, and the equilibrium models of supply market and retail market are put forward respectively; the equilibrium model of demand market is set up according to the balance conditions of supply and demand in price and quantity; then the variational inequality model of three-level supply chain network with multi-commodity is set up. When market demand is disrupted by an unexpected event, the original equilibrium state of supply chain network can＇t be kept. The fluctuation of price at demand market led by the contraction between supply and demand will result in the operational risk of supply chain network and the loss of social welfare. Assume that manufacturers offer buy-back contract and retailers have an opportunity to replenish inventory, this paper analyzes the equilibrium states of supply market, retail market and demand market with disrupted demand respectively, and puts forward the supply chain network equilibrium model coping with demand disruption. Example simulation proves the reasonableness and validity of models.

关 键 词：供应链网络 变分不等式 需求扰动 回购合同 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理] F224.1[经济管理—国民经济]