葡萄休眠解除过程中冬芽组织活性氧与抗氧化系统的变化特征  

Variation of Active Oxygen Metabolism,Anti-oxidation System in Grapevine Buds Tissue during Bud Dormancy Inducing and Releasing

作　　者：张昂[1,2] 郑瑜琬[1,2] 陈腾[1,2] 耿万刚[1,2] 房玉林[1,2] 王华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]陕西省葡萄与葡萄酒工程技术研究中心,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2012年第10期2075-2081,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系项目(nycytx-30-2p-04);西安市科技攻关项目

摘　　要：以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(红)和‘霞多丽’(白)为试材,通过考察其自然休眠过程和打破休眠(单氰胺处理)过程中冬芽组织活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化,探讨葡萄休眠机制。结果表明:(1)在陕西杨陵地区,早熟品种‘霞多丽’在12月20日左右进入深度休眠,第2年1月29日进入休眠解除阶段;晚熟品种‘赤霞珠’在1月9日左右达到深度休眠,2月18日左右进入休眠解除阶段;单氰胺处理可促进葡萄休眠的解除。(2)葡萄休眠过程中,活性氧O2.-和H2O2含量在休眠初期逐渐增加,深度休眠时含量最高,休眠解除过程中含量降低,从而促进休眠的解除;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在休眠中一直降低,休眠解除后活性上升;过氧化物酶(POD)活性在休眠前期较低,随后活性上升,休眠解除过程中活性又降低;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在休眠过程中持续上升,随后维持在较高水平;抗坏血酸-还原态的谷胱甘肽(ASA-GSH)循环在休眠前期较弱,休眠解除过程中逐渐增强。研究发现,葡萄进入休眠后,其冬芽抗氧化能力逐渐降低,至深度休眠时抗氧化能力降至最低,随着低温积累需冷量得到满足,活化了抗氧化系统进而抗氧化能力迅速提高,休眠被解除。This study aimed to investigate the bud dormancy mechanisms of wine grape during natural and breaking dormancy from the following physiological and biochemical aspects：water status,active oxygen and ant-oxidation system,phenols and the related enzymes.The results show that：（1）Chardonnay which is an early maturity variety comes into deep dormancy on Dec.20th,and bud dormancy starts to release gradually from Jan.29th;the late Cabernet Sauvignon’s deep dormancy stage is from Jan.9th to Feb.18th and bud dormancy starts to release gradually.Cyanamid treatment enhanced dormancy release.（2）The contents of active oxygen species O-·2 and H2O2 had a gradual increase in the early dormancy stage,reaching the peak value at the deep end-dormancy,then decreased after bud dormancy release.SOD activity decreased steadily during the whole period of end-dormancy,and then increased after the dormancy release.POD and CAT activities kept increasing during the early dormancy stage,then the POD value started to drop after the dormancy release and CAT maintained a high activity until bud sprouting.ASA-GSH cycle was relatively weak at the early stage of end-dormancy,and then it was activated gradually during the dormancy release.During the breaking dormancy,the content of active oxygen,the activities of anti-oxidation system enzymes and the contents of antioxidants are changed,all of these are better for dormancy releasing.

关 键 词：芽休眠解除 葡萄 抗氧化机制 

分 类 号：Q945.35[生物学—植物学]