解雇成本、就业与产业转型升级——基于《劳动合同法》和来自中国上市公司的证据  

Dismissal Cost,Employment and Industry Transformation and Upgrading——Based on Labor Contracts Law and Evidences from Chinese Listed Companies

作　　者：黄平[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学管理学院,200433

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2012年第3期79-94,共16页Nankai Economic Studies

摘　　要：伴随《劳动合同法》而提高的解雇成本将对就业产生何种具体影响?提高解雇成本有助于促进产业转型升级吗?针对这两个具有重要理论价值和实践意义的热点问题,本文关注劳动力市场和企业的异质性问题,基于中国上市公司的经验证据研究表明,提高解雇成本对人力资本密集度不同的企业的雇佣决策及人力资本存量不同的员工存在截然不同的影响。实施《劳动合同法》,提高解雇成本,一方面导致人力资本密集度低的劳动密集型企业缩小员工规模(或显著降低扩张速度),对人力资本存量低的体力员工就业造成消极影响;另一方面则促使人力资本密集度高的知识密集型企业加速扩张,对人力资本存量高的知识员工就业产生积极影响。由此可见,提高解雇成本有利于知识密集型产业发展和知识员工群体就业,从而有助于促进中国产业从劳动密集型向知识密集型转型升级。What are the specific impacts of high dismissal cost resulted by labor contracts law on employment？ Does enhancing dismissal cost promote industry transformation and upgrading？ To answer these two questions of both theoretical and practical importance,the paper focuses on the heterogeneity of labor market and enterprises and employs evidences from Chinese Listed Company to indicate that enhancing dismissal cost exerts totally different influences on firms with different human capital intensity and employees with different human capital stock.Greatly improving dismissals costs,labor contract law has pushed（and maybe,been pushing）those labor intensive enterprises to reduce scale（or reduce the speed of expanding）and consequently has a negative impact on manual workers’ employment on one hand;while the law has driven（and maybe,been driving）the knowledge intensive enterprises to speed their expanding and accordingly and has a positive impact on knowledge workers’ employment on the other hand.Therefore,enhancing dismissal cost improves the development of knowledge intensive industry and the employment of knowledge worker group,and promotes China industry transformation and upgrading from labor intensive industry to knowledge intensive industry.

关 键 词：解雇成本 《劳动合同法》 人力资本 知识密集型产业 产业转型升级 

分 类 号：D922.52[政治法律—民商法学] F832.51[政治法律—法学] F224[经济管理—金融学]