中国古代人性理论的嬗变与哲学思考——也谈人性的善与恶、公与私  

The Evolvement of Ancient Chinese Theories on Human Nature and Some Philosophical Reflections ——On the Goodness and Evilness,Graciousness and Selfishness of Human Nature

作　　者：刘新科[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2012年第6期14-18,共5页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：我国古代哲人对人性的认识经历了一个漫长的岁月和嬗变的过程。明确了人性是人的自然属性和社会属性的总和,并以"性善论"、"性恶论"作为判别是非、善恶的标准;以"知行观"与"行知观"作为人性形成的方法论,对我们从哲学层面认识人性问题有一定的意义。但应看到,"人性本私"是私有制的产物,是用孤立、静止、片面的世界观来看待人性,是一种形而上学的价值判断。而中国古人也是反对这一观点的,提出的"进则近尽,退则节求",是比较符合初期过渡阶段"人性发展"理念的。这在今天仍有一定的借鉴价值。The knowledge of ancient Chinese philosophers about human nature has experienced a long history of evolvement. They realized that human nature is the combination of man＇s natural attributes and social attributes and devised theories of ＂original goodness＂ and ＂original evil＂ as the criteria of good and e- vil. Their ＂knowing and doing＂ or the ＂doing and knowing＂ views as the methodology of interpreting the formation of human nature is meaningful to the modern people in approaching human nature from the phil- osophical level. However, the proposition of ＂original selfishness＂ is only the result of private ownership, and human nature is judged ni an isolated, static, one-sided view which is a kind of Metaphysical Value judgment. Some ancient Chinese scholars also opposed the idea, and their proposition of ＂fulfilling one＇s de-sires to the full when one is able, containing one＇s desires when one is poor＂ is in agreement with the notion of ＂human nature development＂, which is meaningful in the modern time.

关 键 词：人性 “性善论” “性恶论” “人性本私” 天下为公 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]