听障儿童与健听儿童自我控制能力的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Abilities of Hearing-impaired and Normal-hearing Children in Self-control

作　　者：王海梅[1] 杨朝[1] 张琨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国聋儿康复研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2012年第6期435-438,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的自我控制能力对个体的发展有着重要影响。本研究旨在探讨4～5岁健听儿童和听障儿童在延迟满足情境中的自我控制能力发展状况，为听障儿童家长、康复机构教师在培养听障儿童自控能力及自控策略方面提供科学依据，从而提高听障儿童康复水平及生活质量。方法在延迟满足情境中对4～5岁健听儿童和听障儿童进行实验室观察。结果①健听儿童和听障儿童自我控制时间有显著差异，健听儿童的自控时间明显长于听障儿童；②听障儿童自我控制时间没有性别差异；健听儿童的自我控制时间性别差异显著，男孩长于女孩；③健听儿童和听障儿童都能使用一定的自控策略，包括分心、寻求自我安慰、消极等待、问题解决、回避等，其中健听儿童使用频率最高的是分心策略，听障儿童使用频率最高的是消极等待策略；健听儿童与听障儿童在问题解决策略、分心策略、寻求自我安慰策略和消极等待策略上存在显著差异，在回避策略的使用上无显著差异。结论在延迟满足时间和延迟策略两方面听障儿童都落后于健听儿童，因此，有效地培养听障儿童自我控制能力是当今康复教育工作者亟待解决的问题。Objective To study the self-control of hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children aged 4-5 years in the delay of gratification paradigm, to provide suggestions for the parents and teachers on the development of self-control in children and to improve the quality of life of hearing-impaired children. Methods The hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children were observed in the delay of gratification paradigm. Results （1）The self-control time of normal- hearing children was longer than that of hearing-impaired children and the difference was statistically significant. ~ There was no significant difference in self-control time between the hearing-impaired boys and girls while it was longer for normal-hearing boys than that of normal- hearing girls. （2） Both hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children can use some self-control strategies, including distraction, self-comfort, passive waiting, problem solving and avoidance. The distraction strategy was the most frequently used by normal-hearing children while passive waiting was the most popular one in hearing-impaired children. There were significant differences between the hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children in using the problem solving, distraction, self-comfort and passive waiting strategies, but there was no significant difference in using the avoidance strategy. Conclusion The hearing-impaired children lag behind the normal-hearing children in delayed gratification time and delayed strategies, so the teachers are supposed to place great emphasis on the cultivation of self-control abilities in hearing-impaired children.

关 键 词：健听儿童 听障儿童 自我控制能力 自我控制策略 延迟满足情境 

分 类 号：R161.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]