男子篮球运动员不同负荷负重蹲跳的力学特征和肌电图表现  

Kinetic and Electromyographic Characteristics of Male Basketball Players during Squat-jumping under Different Loads

作　　者：田石榴[1] 刘宇[1] 井兰香[2] 吴贻刚[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动健身科技教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [2]沧州医学高等专科学校 [3]上海体育学院研究生部

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2012年第11期967-972,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871210);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(09490503400);运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室(上海体育学院)项目

摘　　要：目的:研究男子篮球运动员不同负荷下负重蹲跳(WCMJ)的动力学和肌电图变化。方法:优秀男子篮球运动员8名。先测试受试者半蹲时的最大等长肌力:受试者双脚站立于测力台,上身保持挺直,屈膝约100度,将杠铃杆调整至合适高度,以最快速度和最大力量蹲举固定不动的杠铃约5秒,从测力台软件上读取地面反作用力最大值,记录为下肢最大等长肌力(MVC)。以10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和60%MVC负重,进行WCMJ。采用三维测力台记录受试者纵跳时的下肢动力学数据,利用力量-时间曲线,判断离心阶段与向心阶段,并计算最大速度、离心及向心阶段相对爆发力等衍生数据。同步测试收集受试者半蹲跳时肌外侧肌和股二头肌肌电数据,依此对蹲跳(CMJ)及不同负荷WCMJ的肌电信号进行标准化处理。采用单因素方差分析方法分析不同WCMJ动作对最大速度、相对爆发力、腾空时间和高度、积分肌电的影响。结果:(1)离心阶段:负荷增加至30%MVC,最大速度开始下降,40%、50%MVC负荷之间差异无统计学意义。相对最大爆发力随负荷增加而增加。股外侧肌标准化积分肌电值随负荷增加而上升,股二头肌标准化积分肌电值随负荷增加先升后降。(2)向心阶段:最大力量随负荷增加而增加,相对最大爆发力随负荷增加而增加,30%MVC负荷时达到峰值,之后下降。所有负荷之间股外侧肌积分肌电差异无统计学意义。股二头肌积分肌电值随负荷增加而上升,50%MVC负荷时下降。结论:随着负荷增加,机体通过提高运动单位的募集提高相对最大爆发力,负荷过高则募集运动单位的能力下降。提高下肢肌肉爆发力,应采用低于30%MVC负荷的WCMJ进行训练。Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore 1） the kinematic and kinetic variables and 2） surface electromyogram （sEMG） of male basketball players during weighted counter movement jumping（WCMJ）. Methods Eight elite male basketball players were recruited in this study. Maximal iso-metric strength was calculated when subjects stood on the force platform, keeping the upper body straight with a knee angle of 100 degrees. The barbell was adjusted to the proper height and immobilized,then subjects forced the barbell upward as fast as and as hard as possible for 5 seconds. Maximal isometric muscle strength （MVC） of lower limb was obtained from the reaction force of the platform. Subjects per- formed WCMJ respectively with 10% ,20%, 30% ,40% ,50% and 60% of individual MVC. The maximum strength, maximum power, maximum velocity, power normalized by body weight, and integral of EMG ac- tivities （IEMG） in eccentric and concentric stages were collected and calculated. One-way ANOVA was used to compare different dynamic parameters and IEMG during WCMJ （or=0.05）. Results In eccentric stage ,the maximum eccentric force increased under the load of 30%MVC and showed no significant dif- ference under the load of 40% and 50%MVC. IEMG of vastus lateralis muscle increased with increasing of load,while IEMG of biceps muscle increased at first and then decreased with increasing of load. In concentric stage ,the maximum speed, especially the maximum power force increased with increasing of load and reached the peak under the load of 30%MVC. The IEMG of biceps muscle increased,while re- mained unchanged in IEMG of vastus lateralis muscle with increasing of load. Conclusion With increas- ing of load, relative maximum power increased through improving the recruitment of motor units. In order to improve the power of lower limb, the load for WCMJ should not be greater than 30%MVC.

关 键 词：超等长训练 负重超等长训练 运动控制 积分肌电 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]