汞污染及人体负荷研究进展  

A review of mercury pollution and human health burden

作　　者：陈影[1] 邵玉芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《环境化学》2012年第12期1934-1941,共8页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)专项(200903009)资助

摘　　要：汞污染是个全球性的问题,汞在一些厌氧微生物的作用下会生成毒性较大的甲基汞,对人体健康产生威胁.本文综述了汞污染以及人体负荷的一些研究进展,包括汞对人体的危害、生物学指标、普通人群甲基汞暴露的两条主要途径等.之前普遍认为食用鱼贝类等水产品是造成人体甲基汞暴露的主要途径,但最近有研究发现大米中甲基汞含量偏高,食用大米会造成潜在甲基汞暴露风险.目前大米甲基汞暴露研究大多集中在我国贵州地区,未来非常有必要在更多的地区开展大米中甲基汞水平的调查,评价大米中低剂量甲基汞长期暴露的风险,以保障大米的安全性.The mercury pollution is a global problem. Mercury can be transformed into methylmercury （MeHg） by anaerobic microorganisms in aquatic systems, which is highly toxic and has caused adverse health effect on human. This article reviews the progress in the research on the health effect, the biomarkers and two major pathways of MeHg exposure. Aquatic products consumption is generally considered the primary pathway of MeHg exposure for most people around the world. However, recent studies have reported elevated levels of MeHg in rice and confirmed the potential risk of MeHg exposure to residents in mercury polluted regions. Given that the research of MeHg exposure has been mostly conducted in Guizhou, China, further investigation of MeHg levels in rice in less polluted areas is critical. More emphasis should be given to assessing the health effects of low level MeHg exposure in the long term to ensure the safety of rice-eating population.

关 键 词：甲基汞暴露 水产品 大米 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]