运用赌博任务测查不同攻击/受欺类别儿童的情感决策过程  

A Study on Affective Decision-making of Children with Different Aggression/Victim Groups by Gambling Task,

作　　者：李亚真[1] 桑标[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建中医药大学心理学教研室,福州350108 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第6期1416-1422,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：福建省教育厅B类科技项目(JB09140);福建中医药大学科技类项目(X2008035)的资助

摘　　要：攻击行为认知研究存在的一个重要问题是忽视情感对儿童认知加工的影响。考虑了情绪-认知整合过程的儿童行为决策更能全面而真实地反映社会信息加工情境下的攻击/受欺行为卷入过程。情感决策的赌博任务范式被认为能诱发类似于个人真实生活决策的表现,本研究运用计算机程序编制的标准赌博任务,以过程的视角考察了不同攻击/受欺儿童的情感决策特点。结果发现,不同类型儿童的有利-不利选择净分数、对有利-不利选择及奖惩频数的决策偏向存在显著差异。研究结果反映未卷入儿童在赌博任务上的整体表现优于其他类型儿童,攻击-受欺儿童仅次于未卷入儿童;直接攻击、攻击-受欺、未卷入儿童呈现惩罚定向的决策风格,但这三类儿童也表现出截然不同的趋势。Aggressive behavior has been a hot topic in the field of developmental psychology. One of the important problems in the study of aggressive behavior is that researchers neglect the influence of emotion on children＇s cognitive procession. In addition, there were few studies that probed the characteristics of decision-making of the children involved in the aggression/victim situation. If researchers took the integrated process of emotion and cognition into consideration when exploring children＇s decision-making, the results would reflect more truly and comprehensively the involved process of aggression/victim in social information processing. The gambling task paradigm of affective decision-making is believed to induce performance similar to the individual decision-making behavior in real life. A self-designed computer program of standard gambling task, in which 80 test items were divided into four blocks, was used to compare the decision-making achievement of the children belonging to different aggression/victim groups in different periods from the process perspective to reveal the features of affective decision-making of the children belonging to different aggression/victim groups. The above is the innovation of this study. Gambling task consisted of 80 test items, each involving four doors A, B, C and D, from left to right. The net losses of A and B are equal in general. So are C and D. But A or C belongs to the high-frequency small punishment, while B or D belongs to the low-frequency big punishment. In the long term, it is disadvantageous to choose A and B, but advantageous to choose C and D. Using the method of companion nomination and scales compiled by Masten and Salmivalli, the authors first selected 262 subjects, who were classified according to the aggressors/victims and the non-involved types and by grade and gender. The results show that there were obvious differences among different groups of children, comprising net difference of advantage-disadvantage selection, decision-making difference （sty

关 键 词：情感决策 VMPFC IGT 攻击 受欺 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]