中国劳动力市场的户籍分割效应及其变迁——工资差异与机会差异双重视角下的实证研究  

Empirical Research on the Effect of the Household Registration System Evolvement on Labor Market Segmentation in China: From Dual Perspectives of Employment Opportunities and Wage Gap

作　　者：余向华[1] 陈雪娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《经济研究》2012年第12期97-110,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：北京市属高校高层次人才引进与培养计划项目;北京工商大学青年教师科研基金;中国社科院青年科研基金项目的资助;国家自然科学青年基金项目(71103011);国家社科基金青年项目(10CJY005);教育部社科基金项目(2009JJD790003)资助

摘　　要：针对农村户籍者普遍遭遇的同工不同酬和就业机会不平等问题,基于1993—2009年CHNS微观数据,从工资差异和机会差异双重视角,本文进行了综合异质性揭示和内生性处理的计量和分解。结果显示:改革中岗位进入上的机会歧视有所减弱,但部门进入方面的机会歧视依然较大;户籍分割与其他分割的结合,使城乡户籍劳动力面临不同的工资决定机制,而机会差异与工资差异内在关联,使户籍分割的工资效应被部分隐藏在部门差异、岗位差异等分割形式之下;分位数分解后发现,城乡工资差异各分位点都未能缩小,甚至屡显扩大迹象,其主要根源就在于户籍工资歧视。因此,切断户籍与部门和岗位进入等的联系,加快缩小城乡教育差距,是消除机会差异,促进城乡就业平等,实现同工同酬的关键。In view of the widespread urban-rural unequal paid and unequal employment opportunity problem faced by the rural immigrant work force, from perspectives of employment opportunities and wage gap, based on CHNS （1993--2009） data - a micro level household survey data, this paper applies quantile regression dealt with heterogeneity, and treatment effect model dealt with endogeneity to explore the effect of the household registration system evolvement on labor market segmentation, and shows that the employment discrimination of occupation against rural household has decreased, but the employment opportunity of rural labors to the state-owned sector is still significantly lower than urban labors ; segmentation of household registration together with the other kinds of segmentations make urban and rural labors face with different wage decision mechanism; and the interaction of unequal employment opportunities with unequal paid makes the effect of Hukou segmentation on wage deceptive and partially hide in the forms of sector difference and oecupation difference; Quantile decomposition found wage gap between urban and rural not effectively relieved while increased, and its root lies in the Hukou wage discrimination. Therefore, cutting the channel of Hukou interacting with the access of sector and occupation, narrowing the edueation gap between the urban and the rural, is the key point to eliminate the unequal employment opportunities and promote equal employment and equal paid between the urban and the rural

关 键 词：户籍分割效应 劳动力市场分割 机会不平等 同工不同酬 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] D632.1[经济管理—国民经济] F224[政治法律—政治学]