论完善我国不当解雇的法律救济措施  

Improving the Measures of Legal Remedies for Wrongful Dismissal

作　　者：沈同仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2012年第6期99-112,共14页China Legal Science

基　　金：2012年度江苏省优势学科资助项目"劳资利益平衡法律机制研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：解雇是劳动关系运行中最敏感的中心地带,它涉及不同利益之间的激烈冲突和碰撞。要求雇主解雇具有正当事由、赋予雇员复职救济权利是解雇保护中最强烈的内容。然而,劳动合同具有的身份性和继续性的特性使我国审判实践面临着复职判决执行难的困境,由此带来社会资源的浪费。结合对世界主要工业化国家的比较法研究可以发现,赔偿还是复职,不当解雇救济方式的适用不应完全取决于权利人的意愿,需要司法审判进行利益衡量:涉及侵害雇员基本人权的不当解雇是适用复职救济方式最重要的考量因素,确保雇员基本权利不受侵犯;将影响劳动关系双方协作基础的"信赖关系"和"岗位空缺"纳入复职适用的考量范围,尽可能避免因利益失衡引发使雇员复职判决难以执行的发生;设立复职判决替代执行规则,保障雇员在复职判决难以执行时劳动权利的落实。同时,我国不当解雇救济方式的适用还应考虑全球劳动力市场放松规制的发展趋势,增加概括性正当解雇事由的规定。Dismissal relating to the intensive conflict and collision between different interests is the most sensitive core zone in a working labor relation. Requiring for the dismissal by employers with reasonable causes and giving employees a right to remedy for restatement are the most contents in dismissal protection. However, the characteristics of status and continuation in labor contract cause a dilemma that the judgment on restate- ment is difficult to be implemented in judicial practice in China, and thus bring about the waste of social re- sources. Through a comparative legal study on major industrialized countries in the world, it can be found that the application of compensation or remedy of restatement for wrongful dismissal should not be determined by the willingness of fight holders completely. Instead, judicial trial is needed to weigh interests： the wrongful dismissal concerning infringing the basic human fights of employees are the most important consideration factor to apply the remedy of restatement so as to ensure the basic human rights of employees are not infringed ; ＂trust relationship＂ and ＂position vacancy＂ which influence the cooperation basis of both parties in labor relations are included into the scope of consideration factors in order to endeavor to avoid the occurrence of difficult im- plementation of the judgment on restatement of the mentation rules for the judgment on restatement are cumstance of difficult implementation of the judgment employee caused by interests unbalance; alterative imple- made to safeguard the labor fight of employee under the cir- on restatement. Besides, the application of remedy for wrong- ful dismissal in China should also consider the development trend of loosening regulation of global labor force market and thus add general rules for lawful dismissal causes in the context of global economy unification.

关 键 词：解雇保护 不当解雇救济 复职 赔偿 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]