汉语复杂名词短语的独“的”偏好——整合语料库和认知语言学的证据  

The One-de-Preference of Chinese Nominal Phrases:Converging Evidences from the Corpus and Cognitive Linguistics

作　　者：张立飞[1] 严辰松[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军外国语学院科研部,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《外语教学》2013年第1期30-36,共7页Foreign Language Education

摘　　要：对语料库的分析表明,汉语的复杂名词短语有只使用一个"的"的偏好,表现在:包含多个定语的名词短语只带一个"的"的比例极高;单个形容词(如"重要")在复杂名词短语中不带"的"比例要远高于在普通名词短语中。复杂名词短语的独"的"偏好产生的认知机制是独"的"构式"D的H"由于固化程度高而被激活用来对包含多项定语的复杂名词短语进行范畴化。复杂名词短语中"的"的隐现受象似性原则和经济原则这两个相互竞争的动因的制约:前者追求形式和意义的一一对应,倾向于保留所有的定语标记"的",后者寻求以最小的认知努力实现语义的表达,倾向于只保留一个"的"。两者竞争的结果是在不影响语义表达的提前下尽量少用"的"。A corpus-based study indicates that Chinese nominal phrases with multiple determiners prefer only one determiner- marker de. The supporting evidences include ： 1 ） In actual language use, the majority of nominal phrases carry only one de in places where more than one des are possible ; 2） The adjective zhongyao is more likely to omit de in nominal phrases with mul- tiple connotative determiners than in those with only one connotative determiner. The cognitive process behind Chinese nominal phrase＇ s one-de-preference is the activation of highly entrenched schema D de H to categorize nominal phrases with multiple connotative determiners. The omission or presence of de in nominal phrases is determined by two competing motivations, i. e. the Principle of Iconicity and the Principle of Economy. The former stresses the one-to-one relationship between form and meaning and tends to allocate one de for every connotative determiner, while the latter seeks to achieve the communication goal with the least cognitive effort and thus hopes to keep only de for every nominal phrase. The result of the competition is a com- promise of the sort, i.e. using as few des as possible while conveying the intended meaning.

关 键 词：独“的”偏好 名词短语 象似性原则 经济原则 竞争的动因 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]