EMS、NaN_3和^(60)Co γ-射线处理对芝麻根尖的细胞学效应  

Cytological Effects Induced by EMS,NaN_3 and ^(60)Co γ-ray on Sesame Seed

作　　者：刘艳阳[1] 梅鸿献[1] 崔承齐[1] 郑永战[1] 张海洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南郑州450008

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2012年第12期47-51,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15)

摘　　要：为了明确理化诱变剂对芝麻诱变当代(M1)根尖细胞的细胞学效应,利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)、叠氮化钠(NaN3)以及物理诱变剂60 Coγ-射线对3个芝麻品种进行诱变处理,研究处理后根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、染色体畸变率及微核率的变化。结果表明,5g/L的EMS和2mmol/L的NaN3处理对不同品种芝麻根尖细胞有丝分裂有促进和抑制2种效应。但随着EMS、NaN3处理浓度和60Coγ-射线剂量的增加以及处理时间的延长,有丝分裂指数呈下降趋势,而且诱发芝麻根尖细胞的核畸变和染色体畸变,产生单微核、双微核、染色体断片、落后染色体、染色体桥和染色体团等多种畸变类型。豫芝11号和ms86-1较三黄芝麻对高质量浓度的EMS(15g/L)更敏感,ms86-1较豫芝11号和三黄芝麻对低浓度(2 mmol/L)NaN3更敏感,3个芝麻品种对60Coγ-射线的敏感性依次为ms86-1>三黄芝麻>豫芝11号。In order to illuminate the cytological effects of physical and chemical mutagens on the root-tip cells of the Mt generation of sesame, mitotic index, rates of chromosome aberration and micronuclei of sesame seeds derived from three varieties,which were mutated by EMS,NaN3 and 60Co 33-rays,were observed by light microscope. The results showed that the low concentration of EMS （5 g/L） and NaN3 （2 mmol/L）, interestingly, both had a pair of opposite effects on the mitosis of tip cells,just depending on the varieties. As concentration （or dosages） and treatment time of the mutagens increasing, the mitotic index of root tip cells decreased. Furthermore, the EMS, NaN3 and ^60 Co 33-rays induced the chromosomal and nuclear aberration, such as single micronucleus, double micronucleus, chromosome fragment, draggling chromosome, chromosome bridges, chromosome clump, and so on. The experimental result indicated that three sesame varieties had different sensitivity to different mutagens. Yuzhi 11 and ms86-1 were more sensitive to the high- concentration EMS （15 g/L） than Sanhuang sesame; compared with the two other varieties, ms86-1 had better sensitivity to the low-concentration NaN3 （2 mmol/L）;6^60Co γ-rays exhibited the best effective role in mutating ms86-1, followed by Sanhuang sesame and Yuzhi 11.

关 键 词：芝麻 诱变 有丝分裂指数 染色体畸变 核畸变 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]