汽车用铝合金吸能盒结构优化设计  

Structure Optimization Design of Aluminum Alloy Energy-Absorbing Box for Automotives

作　　者：万鑫铭[1] 徐小飞[2] 徐中明[2] 李阳[1] 赵清江[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国汽车工程研究院,重庆400039 [2]重庆大学机械工程学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2013年第1期15-21,共7页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAG03B06)

摘　　要：提出将近似模型技术和数值优化方法引入到汽车用吸能盒的耐撞性优化设计中,成功设计了一款铝合金吸能盒,在确保碰撞性能的同时尽可能地减轻了重量。对某乘用车钢制吸能盒进行了碰撞仿真分析,确定评价吸能盒碰撞性能的关键参数。以钢制吸能盒为基础进行铝合金材料替换,对比分析多个截面形状的铝合金管件,得到符合要求的铝合金吸能盒截面形状。采用近似模型优化方法,以铝合金吸能盒边长、厚度和材料屈服强度为设计变量,进行优化设计。根据优化结果试制铝合金吸能盒,通过静压试验验证了铝合金吸能盒在实现减重58%的同时,进一步提高了强度性能。It is proposed to introduce approximate model method and numerical optimization method to crashworthiness optimization design of energy-absorbing box for automotives. An aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box was designed to ensure the crashworthiness performance and the weight reduction requirement.The crash simulation of the steel energy-absorbing box was conducted, and the key parameters about its crashworthiness were determined. Next material substitution was carried out. Several aluminum alloy extruded tubes with different cross-section were compared and the best cross-section of the aluminum alloy box which meets the design requirements was determined. The length, thickness and yield strength of the material were taken as design variables by using the approximation model in optimization and the multiobjective optimization. Some samples were manufhctured, and static pressure experiment was completed. It is verified that the weight of the new box will be 58% lighter than that of the steel part, whose crashworthiness properties have been further improved.

关 键 词：吸能盒 碰撞性能 铝合金 近似模型优化 

分 类 号：U463[机械工程—车辆工程]