当代中国法治实践中的“法民关系”  

The “Legal-civil Relations” in the Rule-of-law Practice of Contemporary China

作　　者：凌斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2013年第1期151-166,208,共16页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：西方法治理论的职业主义存在局限,中国法治理论要深入理解法民关系的理想类型和一般原理。法民关系是法律人与普通人围绕法律解释权分配形成的主体间关系。法民关系的两个"理想类型",是以法官和律师为核心的、法律职业共同体主导的"消极法民关系"以及以当事人和法官为核心的、法律职业共同体与普通民众主导的"积极法民关系"。二者既在具体案件中围绕法律解释权的分配形成了不同的"微观司法环境",又在总体上基于司法公信和法治信仰构成了不同的"宏观法治状况"。应从植根国情的法民关系出发,探索中国法治的发展道路。The Western theory of rule of law has a number of limitations. The Chinese theory of rule of law must have a deep understanding of the ideal types and general principles of legal-civil relations. The legal-civil relationship is an inter-subjective one between legal people and ordinary people that has emerged from the distribution of legal explanatory power. There are two 'ideal types' of legal-civil relations: the 'passive legal-civil relations' characterized by the core of judges and lawyers and the guidance of the legal profession; and the 'positive legal-civil relations' characterized by the core of judges and involving parties and the guidance of the legal profession and ordinary people. The two types of relations have caused different 'microscopic judicial environments' pertaining to the legal explanatory power in specific cases and different 'macroscopic situations with the rule of law' based on judicial mutual trust and rule-of-law beliefs in general. China should explore its own path of rule of law in accordance with the legal-civil relations based on its national circumstances.

关 键 词：法民关系 司法公信力 法律解释权 中国法治道路 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]