员工工作压力对其健康影响的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on Influence of Work Stress of Employees on Their Health

作　　者：魏祥迁[1] 马红宇[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东行政学院管理系 [2]华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2013年第1期79-81,共3页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的考察员工不同工作压力对其生理健康、心理健康、社会适应以及总体健康的影响。方法使用工作压力量表和自测健康评定量表调查了440名企事业单位的员工,采用皮尔逊积差相关与多元回归对数据进行分析。结果①相关分析表明7个方面的工作压力都与生理健康、心理健康、社会适应及总体健康存在显著的负相关(r=0.151-0.445,P<0.01);②员工健康对其工作压力总分的回归分析表明工作压力分别可以有效预测其生理健康(R2=0.123,β=-0.351,P<0.001)、心理健康(R2=0.165,β=-0.406,P<0.001)、社会适应(R2=0.110,β=-0.332,P<0.001)及总体健康(R2=0.192,β=-0.438,P<0.001);③多元逐步回归分析表明:组织角色(β=-0.331,P<0.001)和工作条件(β=-0.144,P<0.01)两方面的压力可以解释生理健康17.4%的变异(R2=0.174);组织角色(β=-0.200,P<0.001)、职业发展(β=-0.168,P<0.01)和社会支持(β=-0.131,P<0.05)3方面的压力可以解释心理健康18.2%的变异(R2=0.182);组织角色(β=-0.249,P<0.001)和职业发展(β=-0.168,P<0.01)两方面的压力可以解释社会适应13.7%的变异(R2=137);组织角色(β=-0.345,P<0.001)、工作条件(β=-0.131,P<0.05)和组织结构(β=-0.107,P<0.05)3方面的压力可以解释总体健康23.4%的变异(R2=0.234)。结论员工的工作压力负向影响其健康水平,尤其是组织角色方面的工作压力是员工健康的最重要的影响因素。Objective To explore the influence of work stress of employees on their physical health,mental health,social adaptation and overall health,respectively.Methods The study investigated 440 employees from different organizations via scales including work stressors questionnaire and self-rated health measurement scale.The dada was analyzed by Pearson＇s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results ①Pearson＇s correlation analysis indicated there existed significantly negative correlation（r=-0.151--0.445,P0.01）between different work stresses and physical health,mental health,social adaptation and overall health.②The outcome of regression analysis indicated work stress of employees could effectively predict their physical health（R2=0.123;β=-0.351,P0.001）,mental health（R2=0.165;β=-0.406,P0.001）,social adaptation（R2=0.110;β=-0.332,P0.001）and overall health（R2=0.192;β=-0.438,P0.001）,respectively.③The outcomes of multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that 17.4% of the variation of physical health（R2=0.174）could be interpreted by the stresses of organization role（β=-0.331,P0.001） and working conditions（β=-0.144,P0.01）;18.2% of the variation of mental health（R2=0.182）by the stresses of organization role（β=-0.200,P0.001）,professional development（β=-0.168,P0.01） and social support（β=-0.131,P0.05）;13.7% of the variation of social adaptation（R2=0.137）by the stresses of organization role（β=-0.249,P0.001） and professional development（β=-0.168,P0.01）;23.4% of the variation of overall health（R2=0.234）by the stresses of organization role（β=-0.345,P0.001）,working conditions（β=-0.131,P0.05） and organization structure（β=-0.107,P0.05）.Conclusion Work stress of employee affect negatively on their health.Especially,the work stress from organization role is the most important key factor that influences the health of employee.

关 键 词：健康心理学 工作压力 生理健康 心理健康 社会适应 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]