从知识分类看当前我国研究型大学学科制度建设  

A Study of the Discipline System Construction of Chinese Research Universities from the Perspective of Disciplinary Classification

作　　者：嵇宏[1] 吕乃基[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学STS研究中心,南京210096

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2013年第2期65-70,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：在人类认识史上,知识分类和学科分类是两个不同的概念。知识分类先于学科分类,对知识进行合理分类是建立学科制度的关键所在。作为一种建制,学科经历了"个人-学会-科学院-大学-研究型大学"的演变过程。学科制度的建立对于学科发展是一把"双刃剑"。与美国等先进国家相比,我国学科制度存在着学科划分与设置制度行政规范功能过强,学校自主性不足等弊端。从知识分类角度看,改进和完善我国的学科分类制度,努力克服学科至上的观念,给隐性知识、交叉知识提供发展空间,并努力运用生态学思想规划学科发展将会对当前我国研究型大学学科制度建设具有积极的意义。学科分类不能排斥知识分类,人类应该从不断演化的知识分类中汲取养分,培养新的学科生长点。Knowledge classification and disciplinary classification belong to two different concepts in human cognition history. Knowledge classifieation arose prior to disciplinary classification, and a reasonable knowledge classification is crucial to establishing disciplinary system. As institutional discipline, it has experienced such an evolution process of ＂Individual-Society-Academy of Sciences -University-Research University＂. The construction of discipline system is a ＂double-edged sword＂ for the disciplinary development. In comparison with the United States and oth- er developed countries, Chinese disciplinary system takes on many drawbacks, such as excessive administrative regulation power over disciplinary setting and classification, and deficiency of university autonomy. From the perspective of knowledge classification, it is of great significance to modify and improve Chinese disciplinary classification system, eliminate the concept of ＂disciplines first＂, and plan disciplinary development with ecological ideology, thus providing broader development space for implicit knowledge and interdisciplinary knowledge. Disciplinary classifi cation doesn＇t contradict with knowledge classification. We should draw nutrients from continuously evolving knowledge classification and cultivate fresh growing points of disciplines.

关 键 词：知识分类 学科分类 学科制度 显形知识 隐形知识 生态学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]