中国文化的传播者——日本的五山禅僧  

Japanese Five-Mountain Monks——Disseminators of Chinese Culture

作　　者：张晓希[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2013年第1期85-91,共7页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国文学作品在海外的传播及影响"阶段成果(课题编号为09BWW003)

摘　　要：日本的五山禅僧由于兼修禅宗和宋儒理学,其佛、儒学修养已近宋、元、明僧,同时饱读群书,吟诗赋文,挥毫泼墨,内外兼修,学养极高。其文化活动成为推动日本中世文化形成和发展的主要力量。五山禅僧中,有求法于中国,直接体验禅林生活的日本禅僧,也不乏躲避战乱,渡日传法的中国禅僧,还有作为幕府的外交、文化顾问的遣明使僧。这些禅僧在中国除完成自己的使命外,还带回大量的佛典及外典、铜钱、香药、唐画、织物、什器等,将当时的宗教、思想、文学、艺术、建筑等先进文化传入日本。这些新鲜的外来文化受到日本社会各阶层的欢迎,在对异质文化的吸收、融合之后,使其转化成具有自己民族特色的本体文化。Cultivated both in the Zen and Song Confucianism, the cultivation of Japanese Five-Mountain Monks on Buddhism and Confucianism was equal to that of the Monks in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. Having a good command of cultivation both inside and outside, they were very learned, and very proficient in writing. Their cultural activities were the main forces in promoting the formation and development of Japanese Medieval Culture. Among the Five-Mountain Monks, some of them were Japanese, who pursued the Buddha dharma and got themselves immersed in the Zen atmosphere in China; some of them were Chinese preaching Buddha dharma in Japan in order to avoid war; others were dispatched by the Japanese Bakufu administration to China during the Ming Dynasty as diplomatic or cultural envoys. Besides completing their missions, they brought back loads of concrete things such as Buddhist scriptures, ancient codes and records outside Buddhism, copper cashes, fragrant medicines, Tang Dynasty paintings, fabrics, utensils, etc. In addition, they brought in leading aspects of religion, literature, painting and architecture of that time to Japan. These cultural elements were welcomed by people of all ages and social backgrounds. After the absorption and fusion of heterogeneous culture, they came to be part of a new culture with its own distinctiveness.

关 键 词：日本 五山 禅僧 中国文化 传播 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]